勉勵

See also: 勉励

Chinese

		exhort	exhort
trad. (勉勵)		勉	勵
simp. (勉励)		勉	励

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): miǎnlì

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄌㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): min⁵ lai⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): miên-li
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bián-lē

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: miǎnlì
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄌㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: miǎnlì
  - Wade–Giles: mien³-li⁴
  - Yale: myǎn-lì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meanlih
  - Palladius: мяньли (mjanʹli)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    勉力
    勉勵／勉励
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: min⁵ lai⁶
  - Yale: míhn laih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: min⁵ lai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: min⁵ lei⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miːn¹³ lɐi̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: miên-li
  - Hakka Romanization System: mien´ li
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mian¹ li⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /mi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ li⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bián-lē
  - Tâi-lô: bián-lē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: biefnle
  - IPA (Xiamen): /biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ le²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ le⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ le²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ le³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ le³³/

Middle Chinese: mjenX ljejH

Rime
Character	勉	勵
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	仙 (79)	祭 (35)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	亡辨切	力制切
Baxter	mjenX	ljejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠiᴇn^X/	/liᴇi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚiɛn^X/	/liɛi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/miæn^X/	/ljæi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mian^X/	/liaj^H/
Li Rong	/mjɛn^X/	/liɛi^H/
Wang Li	/mĭɛn^X/	/lĭɛi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯ɛn^X/	/li̯ɛi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	miǎn	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	min⁵	lai⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*mronʔ m·rads/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勉
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	miǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ mjen^X ›
Old Chinese	/*mr[o][r]ʔ/
English	make an effort
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勉	勵
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9068	12622
Phonetic component	免	萬
Rime group	元	祭
Rime subdivision	3	1
Corresponding MC rime	免	例
Old Chinese	/*mronʔ/	/*m·rads/

Verb

勉勵

to encourage; to urge

Synonyms

勸／劝 (quàn)
勗勉／勖勉 (xùmiǎn) (literary)
激勵／激励 (jīlì)
砥礪／砥砺 (dǐlì)
鼓動／鼓动 (gǔdòng)
鼓勵／鼓励 (gǔlì)
鼓舞 (gǔwǔ)

Related terms

勸勉／劝勉 (quànmiǎn)
勸說／劝说 (quànshuō)

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