功績

See also: 功绩

Chinese

		merit; achievement; result merit; achievement; result; service; accomplishment	merit; accomplishment
trad. (功績)		功	績
simp. (功绩)		功	绩

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gōngjì, gōngjī

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥㄐㄧˋ, ㄍㄨㄥㄐㄧ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹ zik¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kong-chek / kong-chit

(Teochew, Peng'im): gong¹ zêh⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gōngjì
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥㄐㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gongjì
  - Wade–Giles: kung¹-chi⁴
  - Yale: gūng-jì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongjih
  - Palladius: гунцзи (gunczi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    公祭
    功績／功绩
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gōngjī
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥㄐㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gongji
  - Wade–Giles: kung¹-chi¹
  - Yale: gūng-jī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongji
  - Palladius: гунцзи (gunczi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    公積／公积
    公雞／公鸡
    功績／功绩
    攻擊／攻击
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gung¹ zik¹
  - Yale: gūng jīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹ dzik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: gung¹ jig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɪk̚⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    公積／公积
    公職／公职
    功績／功绩
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-chek
  - Tâi-lô: kong-tsik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kongzeg
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-chit
  - Tâi-lô: kong-tsit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kongcid
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ t͡sit̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gong¹ zêh⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kong tseh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /koŋ³³⁻²³ t͡seʔ²/

Middle Chinese: kuwng tsek

Rime
Character	功	績
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	IV
Fanqie	古紅切	則歷切
Baxter	kuwng	tsek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuŋ/	/t͡sek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kuŋ/	/t͡sek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuŋ/	/t͡sɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəwŋ/	/t͡sɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/kuŋ/	/t͡sek̚/
Wang Li	/kuŋ/	/t͡siek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuŋ/	/t͡siek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gōng	ji
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung¹	zik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤoŋ [ts]ˤek/

(Zhengzhang): /*koːŋ ʔseːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	功	績	績
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōng	jī	jì
Middle Chinese	‹ kuwng ›	‹ tsek ›	‹ tsek ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁoŋ/	/*[ts]ˁek/	/*[ts]ˁek/
English	work, effort	twist, spin	achieve; achievement
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	功	績
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4021	1782
Phonetic component	工	朿
Rime group	東	錫
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	公	績
Old Chinese	/*koːŋ/	/*ʔseːɡ/

Noun

功績

deed; achievement; feat; contribution
- 名聲若日月，功績如天地。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  名声若日月，功绩如天地。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE
  Míngshēng ruò rìyuè, gōngjì rú tiāndì. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

事蹟／事迹 (shìjì)
功勞／功劳 (gōngláo)
功勛／功勋 (gōngxūn)
功效 (gōngxiào) (literary)
功烈 (gōngliè) (literary)
勛伐／勋伐 (xūnfá) (literary)
勞績／劳绩 (láojì)
業績／业绩 (yèjì)
貢獻／贡献 (gòngxiàn)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
功	績
こう Grade: 4	せき Grade: 5
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こーせき [kòósékí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [ko̞ːse̞kʲi]

Noun

功(こう)績(せき) • (kōseki) ^{←こうせき (kouseki)^?}

attainment, performance, achievement

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN