冷える

Japanese
Kanji in this term
冷
ひ
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Etymology

From the classical verb 冷ゆ (hiyu).

Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

Pronunciation
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "冷える"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 冷える ひえ​る [hìéꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 冷えろ ひえ​ろ [hìéꜜrò]
Key constructions
Passive 冷えられる ひえられ​る [hìéráréꜜrù]
Causative 冷えさせる ひえさせ​る [hìésáséꜜrù]
Potential - - -
Volitional 冷えよう ひえよ​ー [hìéyóꜜò]
Negative 冷えない ひえ​ない [hìéꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 冷えなかった ひえ​なかった [hìéꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 冷えます ひえま​す [hìémáꜜsù]
Perfective 冷えた ひ​えた [híꜜètà]
Conjunctive 冷えて ひ​えて [híꜜètè]
Hypothetical conditional 冷えれば ひえ​れば [hìéꜜrèbà]

Verb

冷(ひ)える • (hieru) intransitive ichidan (stem 冷(ひ)え (hie), past 冷(ひ)えた (hieta))

Japanese verb pair
active 冷やす
mediopassive 冷える
  1. to become cold, cool down

Conjugation
Conjugation of "冷える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 冷え ひえ hie
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 冷え ひえ hie
Shūshikei ("terminal") 冷える ひえる hieru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 冷える ひえる hieru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 冷えれ ひえれ hiere
Meireikei ("imperative") 冷えよ¹
冷えろ²		 ひえよ¹
ひえろ²		 hieyo¹
hiero²
Key constructions
Passive 冷えられる ひえられる hierareru
Causative 冷えさせる
冷えさす		 ひえさせる
ひえさす		 hiesaseru
hiesasu
Potential 冷えられる
冷えれる³		 ひえられる
ひえれる³		 hierareru
hiereru³
Volitional 冷えよう ひえよう hieyō
Negative 冷えない
冷えぬ
冷えん		 ひえない
ひえぬ
ひえん		 hienai
hienu
hien
Negative continuative 冷えず ひえず hiezu
Formal 冷えます ひえます hiemasu
Perfective 冷えた ひえた hieta
Conjunctive 冷えて ひえて hiete
Hypothetical conditional 冷えれば ひえれば hiereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

Derived terms

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  3. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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