先んずる
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 先 |
| さき Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
Pronunciation
Verb
先んずる • (sakinzuru) suru (stem 先んじ (sakinji), past 先んじた (sakinjita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "先んずる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 先んじ 先んぜ |
さきんじ さきんぜ |
sakinji sakinze | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 先んじ | さきんじ | sakinji | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 先んずる | さきんずる | sakinzuru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 先んずる | さきんずる | sakinzuru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 先んずれ | さきんずれ | sakinzure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 先んぜよ¹ 先んじろ² |
さきんぜよ¹ さきんじろ² |
sakinzeyo¹ sakinjiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 先んじられる 先んぜられる |
さきんじられる さきんぜられる |
sakinjirareru sakinzerareru | |
| Causative | 先んじさせる 先んじさす |
さきんじさせる さきんじさす |
sakinjisaseru sakinjisasu | |
| Potential | 先んじられる 先んぜられる |
さきんじられる さきんぜられる |
sakinjirareru sakinzerareru | |
| Volitional | 先んじよう | さきんじよう | sakinjiyō | |
| Negative | 先んじない | さきんじない | sakinjinai | |
| Negative continuative | 先んぜず | さきんぜず | sakinzezu | |
| Formal | 先んじます | さきんじます | sakinjimasu | |
| Perfective | 先んじた | さきんじた | sakinjita | |
| Conjunctive | 先んじて | さきんじて | sakinjite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 先んずれば | さきんずれば | sakinzureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Classical conjugation of "先んず" (サ行変格活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 先んぜ | さきんぜ | sakinze |
| Continuative (連用形) | 先んじ | さきんじ | sakinzi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 先んず | さきんず | sakinzu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 先んずる | さきんずる | sakinzuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 先んずれ | さきんずれ | sakinzure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 先んぜよ | さきんぜよ | sakinzeyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 先んぜず | さきんぜず | sakinzezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 先んずれど | さきんずれど | sakinzuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 先んずれば | さきんずれば | sakinzureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 先んぜば | さきんぜば | sakinzeba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 先んじき | さきんじき | sakinziki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 先んじけり | さきんじけり | sakinzikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 先んじつ | さきんじつ | sakinzitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 先んじぬ | さきんじぬ | sakinzinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 先んぜり 先んじたり | さきんぜり さきんじたり | sakinzeri sakinzitari |
| Volitional | 先んぜむ | さきんぜむ | sakinzemu |
Synonyms
- 先んじる (sakinjiru)
References
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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