倌

倌 U+500C, 倌
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-500C
← 個
[U+500B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 倍 →
[U+500D]

Translingual

Han character

倌 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人十口口 (OJRR), four-corner 23277, composition ⿰亻官)

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 107, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 759
  • Dae Jaweon: page 228, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 184, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+500C

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 倌

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 倌
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Small seal script

s05818

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (官) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
官 *koːn
棺 *koːn, *koːns
倌 *koːn, *kroːns
悹 *koːn, *koːnʔ, *koːns
涫 *koːn, *koːns
管 *koːnʔ
琯 *koːnʔ, *kuːns
痯 *koːnʔ, *koːns
輨 *koːnʔ
錧 *koːnʔ, *koːns
館 *koːnʔ, *koːns
婠 *koːns, *qoːn, *qruːd
悺 *koːns
逭 *ɡoːns
菅 *kroːn
綰 *qroːnʔ, *qroːns
捾 *qoːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːn, *kroːns) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 官 (OC *koːn).

Etymology

Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)(j)wal (STEDT); cognate with Tibetan ཁོལ་པོ (khol po, “servant”), Burmese ကျွန် (kywan, “slave”), Proto-Loloish *C-kywan¹ (“slave”), 宦 (OC *ɡʷraːns, “servant; official”).

官 (OC *koːn, “official”) is probably the same word as 倌 (OC *koːn, *kroːns) (Schuelsser, 2007).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 倌 倌
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 桓 (62) 刪 (70)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) I II
Fanqie 古丸切 古患切
Baxter kwan kwaenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kuɑn/ /kˠuanH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʷɑn/ /kʷᵚanH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kuɑn/ /kuɐnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kwan/ /kwaɨnH/
Li
Rong		 /kuɑn/ /kuanH/
Wang
Li		 /kuɑn/ /kwanH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kuɑn/ /kwanH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 guān guàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gun1 gwaan3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 倌
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 guān
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kwænH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kʷˁra[n]-s/
English servant, groom

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 倌 倌
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 4437 4458
Phonetic
component		 官 官
Rime
group		 元 元
Rime
subdivision		 3 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 官 慣
Old
Chinese		 /*koːn/ /*kroːns/

Definitions

倌

  1. servant who drives a carriage
  2. groom; keeper of domestic animals
  3. worker in a teahouse or restaurant who provides service

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji
倌

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. assistant in wine shop
  2. groom (keeper of domestic animals)

Readings
  • On (unclassified): かん (kan)
  • Kun: とねり (toneri, 倌)

Korean

Hanja

倌 (eum 관 (gwan))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

倌: Hán Nôm readings: quan, quán

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
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