不死身

Japanese
Kanji in this term
不 死 身
ふ
Grade: 4		 し > じ
Grade: 3		 み
Grade: 3
goon on’yomi kun’yomi

Etymology

Compound of 不死 (fuji-, “immortality, deathlessness”, this reading only found in a few compounds; in isolation, the reading is fushi) +‎ 身 (mi, “body”).[1][2]

The apparent rendaku on the middle syllable is difficult to explain. Rendaku usually only happens at the boundaries of a compound's elements, whereas here we see the initial element 不死 (fushi) shift to 不死 (fuji-). Phonologically, this would suggest that the compound were instead 不 (fu-, “not, un-”) + 死身 (*shimi, “dying + body”). However, no such term exists; the closest term is 死に身 (shinimi, “dying + body”).

First cited to a text from 1703.[3]

Pronunciation

Adjective

不(ふ)死(じ)身(み) • (fujimi) -na (adnominal 不(ふ)死(じ)身(み)な (fujimi na), adverbial 不(ふ)死(じ)身(み)に (fujimi ni))

  1. [from 1703] invulnerable, indestructible, immortal
  2. [from 1925] (figurative) invulnerable, unfazable, unflappable: not becoming discouraged or frustrated in the face of failure or difficulty

Usage notes

Although this term is used with the -na adjective grammar pattern using the particle な (na), it is also frequently encountered as an attributive noun with the particle の (no) instead.

Inflection
Inflection of 不死身
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 不死身だろ ふじみだろ fujimi daro
Continuative (連用形) 不死身で ふじみで fujimi de
Terminal (終止形) 不死身だ ふじみだ fujimi da
Attributive (連体形) 不死身な ふじみな fujimi na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 不死身なら ふじみなら fujimi nara
Imperative (命令形) 不死身であれ ふじみであれ fujimi de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 不死身ではない
不死身じゃない		 ふじみではない
ふじみじゃない		 fujimi de wa nai
fujimi ja nai
Informal past 不死身だった ふじみだった fujimi datta
Informal negative past 不死身ではなかった
不死身じゃなかった		 ふじみではなかった
ふじみじゃなかった		 fujimi de wa nakatta
fujimi ja nakatta
Formal 不死身です ふじみです fujimi desu
Formal negative 不死身ではありません
不死身じゃありません		 ふじみではありません
ふじみじゃありません		 fujimi de wa arimasen
fujimi ja arimasen
Formal past 不死身でした ふじみでした fujimi deshita
Formal negative past 不死身ではありませんでした
不死身じゃありませんでした		 ふじみではありませんでした
ふじみじゃありませんでした		 fujimi de wa arimasen deshita
fujimi ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 不死身で ふじみで fujimi de
Conditional 不死身なら（ば） ふじみなら（ば） fujimi nara (ba)
Provisional 不死身だったら ふじみだったら fujimi dattara
Volitional 不死身だろう ふじみだろう fujimi darō
Adverbial 不死身に ふじみに fujimi ni
Degree 不死身さ ふじみさ fujimisa

Noun

不(ふ)死(じ)身(み) • (fujimi) 

  1. invulnerability, indestructibility, immortality
    • 2000 August 10, Yūma Andō with Asaki, Masashi, “喧(けん)嘩(か)屋(や)　国(くに)光(みつ) [Kunimitsu, Brawl Delivery]”, in サイコメトラーEIJI(エイジ) [Psychometrer EIJI], volume 24 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN:
      ハーッハーッ　バカ野(や)郎(ろう)　不(ふ)死(じ)身(み)の武(む)藤(とう)国(くに)光(みつ)をナメンなよ⁉
      Hāhhā' Baka yarō Fujimi no Mutō Kunimitsu o namen na yo⁉
      Hahahaha! Bastard! Never hearda the indestructible Mutō Kunimitsu, ain’t ya⁉
  2. [from 1703] an invulnerable, indestructible, or immortal body
  3. [from 1925] (figurative) invulnerability, unfazability, unflappability: the state or quality of not becoming discouraged or frustrated in the face of failure or difficulty
  4. [from 1925] (figurative) a person with an unfazable or unflappable character

Usage notes

Although this term is found with the -na adjective grammar pattern using the particle な (na), it is also frequently encountered as an attributive noun with the particle の (no) instead.

See also

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
不死身

Noun

不死身 • (bulsasin) (hangeul 불사신)

  1. Hanja form? of 불사신 (“an immortal”).
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