すくむ

Japanese
Alternative spelling
竦む

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) すくむ [sùkúmú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [sɨ̥ᵝkɯ̟ᵝmɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "竦む"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 竦む すくむ [sùkúmú]
Imperative (命令形) 竦め すくめ [sùkúmé]
Key constructions
Passive 竦まれる すくまれる [sùkúmárérú]
Causative 竦ませる すくませる [sùkúmásérú]
Potential - - -
Volitional 竦もう すくも​ー [sùkúmóꜜò]
Negative 竦まない すくまない [sùkúmánáí]
Negative perfective 竦まなかった すくまな​かった [sùkúmánáꜜkàttà]
Formal 竦みます すくみま​す [sùkúmímáꜜsù]
Perfective 竦んだ すくんだ [sùkúńdá]
Conjunctive 竦んで すくんで [sùkúńdé]
Hypothetical conditional 竦めば すくめ​ば [sùkúméꜜbà]

Verb

すくむ • (sukumu) ←すくむ (sukumu)?intransitive godan (stem すくみ (sukumi), past すくんだ (sukunda))

Japanese verb pair
active すくめる
mediopassive すくむ
  1. freeze from fear, be paralyzed with fear
  2. cower, shrink before something

Conjugation
Conjugation of "すくむ" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") すくま sukuma
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") すくみ sukumi
Shūshikei ("terminal") すくむ sukumu
Rentaikei ("attributive") すくむ sukumu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") すくめ sukume
Meireikei ("imperative") すくめ sukume
Key constructions
Passive すくまれる sukumareru
Causative すくませる
すくます		 sukumaseru
sukumasu
Potential すくめる sukumeru
Volitional すくもう sukumō
Negative すくまない sukumanai
Negative continuative すくまず sukumazu
Formal すくみます sukumimasu
Perfective すくんだ sukunda
Conjunctive すくんで sukunde
Hypothetical conditional すくめば sukumeba

References
  1. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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