ܚܝܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1
Root
ܚ ܝ ܐ (ḥ y ˀ)
6 terms

From Aramaic חֲיֶא (ḥăyyē); related to Arabic حَيَاة (ḥayāh), Hebrew חַיִּים (khayím).

Pronunciation
  • (standard) IPA(key): [xaj.jeː]
  • (Nineveh Plains) IPA(key): [xɑːjeː]

Noun

ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ • (ḥayyē) m pl (plural only)

  1. life (process of life, all biological life)
    ܗܸܫ ܠܹܐ ܝܘܲܚ ܡܘܼܫ݇ܟ̰ܚܹ̈ܐ ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ ܥܲܠ ܢܸܪܓܲܠ. ― hiš lē ìwaḥ mūčḥē ḥayyē ˁal nirgal. ― We still have not discovered life on Mars.
  2. life (period during which one is alive)
    ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ ܝܲܩܝܼܪܹ̈ܐ ܝܢܵܐ، ܡܵܘܬ݂ܵܐ ܡܲܪܝܼܪܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ. ― ḥayyē yaqīrē ìnā, māwṯā marīrā ìlēh. ― Life is precious, death is bitter.
    • John 15:13:
      ܚܘܼܒܵܐ ܝܲܬܝܼܪ ܪܲܒܵܐ ܡ̣ܢ ܗܵܢܵܐ ܠܲܝܬ، ܕܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐ ܕܝܵܗ݇ܒ݂ܹܠ ܚܲܝܘܼ̈ܗܝ ܚܠܵܦ ܪ̈ܵܚܡܘܼܗܝ.
      ḥubbā yatīr rabbā min hānā layt, d-nāšā d-yāḇēl ḥayūh ḥlāp rāḥmūh.
      There is no greater love than this, for one to lay down his life for his beloved.
    • John 14:16:
      ܦܘܼܢܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܐܸܠܹܗ ܝܼܫܘܿܥ: «ܐܵܢܵܐ ܝܘܸܢ ܐܘܼܪܚܵܐ ܘܫܪܵܪܵܐ ܘܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ. ܐܘܼܦ ܚܲܕ݇ ܠܹܐ ܐܵܬ݂ܹܐ ܠܟܸܣ ܒܵܒܵܐ ܐܸܠܵܐ ܒܝܼܝܼ.
      pūnē lēh illēh īšōˁ: “ānā ìwen urḥā w-šrārā w-ḥayyē. ūp ḥa lē āṯē l-kis bābā illā bīyī.
      Jesus replied to him: “I am the way, the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.”
  3. (with first-person possessive suffix pronouns) deeply platonic or romantic term of endearment
    ܗܵܐ ܚܲܝ̈ܝܼ, ܡܵܐ ܡܸܢܘܿܟ݂؟ ― hā ḥayī, mā minōḵ? ― Hello love, how’s it going?
Inflection
Inflection of ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (ḥayyē)
number isolated forms with possessive pronouns
state form person singular plural
m f
plural absolute – 1st person ܚܲܝܝܼ̈ (ḥayī) ܚܲܝܲܢ̈
(ḥayyan)
construct ܚܲܝ̈
(ḥay)		 2nd person ܚܲܝܘܼ̈ܟ݂
(ḥayūḵ)		 ܚܲܝܵܟ݂ܝ̈
(ḥayyāḵ)		 ܚܲܝܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ
(ḥayyāwḵōn)
emphatic ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ
(ḥayyē)		 3rd person ܚܲܝܘܼ̈ܗܝ
(ḥayūh)		 ܚܲܝ̈ܘܿܗ̇
(ḥayyōh)		 ܚܲܝܗ̈ܘܿܢ
(ḥayhōn)
Antonyms
Derived terms
  • ܒܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (bḥayyē, literally “in life”)
  • ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ ܕܲܠܥܵܠܲܡ (ḥayyē dalˁālam, “eternal life”)
  • ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ ܦܲܪ̈ܨܘܿܦܵܝܹܐ (ḥayyē parṣōpāyē, “private life, personal life”)
  • ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ ܪ̈ܘܼܚܵܢܵܝܹܐ (ḥayyē rūḥānāyē, “spiritual life”)
  • ܟܬ݂ܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܕܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (kṯāḇā d-ḥayyē, “life story, book of life”)
  • ܟܵܬ݂ܹܪ ܒܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (kāṯēr b-ḥayyē, “to survive”)
  • ܠܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (lḥayyē, literally “to life”)
  • ܫܒ݂ܝܼܠ ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (šḇīl ḥayyē, “a way of life, lifestyle”)
See also

Etymology 2
Root
ܚ ܝ ܐ (ḥ y ˀ)
6 terms

Related to the above; compare Arabic حَيّ (ḥayy) and Hebrew חַי (kháy)

Alternative forms

Adjective

ܚܲܝܵܐ • (ḥayyā) (feminine ܚܲܝܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥayṯā), plural ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (ḥayyē))

  1. alive, living, live, lively
    Synonym: ܒܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (bḥayyē)
    ܠܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܚܲܝܵܐ ܘܠܵܐ ܡܝܼܬܵܐ! ― lā ìlēh ḥayyā w-lā mītā! ― He is alive not dead!
    ܪܓ݂ܝܼܫ ܠܝܼ ܚܲܝܵܐ ܒܵܬ݂ܲܪ ܕܫܬܹܐ ܠܝܼ ܩܲܗܘܵܐ. ― rḡīš lī ḥayyā bāṯar dštē lī qahwā. ― I felt lively after I drunk coffee.
  2. raw
    Synonym: ܢܵܝܵܐ (nāyā)
  3. running (of water)
Derived terms
  • ܐܝܼܬ݂ܝܹ̈ܐ ܚܲܝܹ̈ܐ (īṯyē ḥayyē, “living beings”)
  • ܚܲܝ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ (ḥay nafšā, literally “alive in spirit”)
  • ܚܲܝܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥayūṯā, “vitality, life”)
  • ܚܲܝܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥayṯā, “midwife”)
  • ܚܲܝܵܐܝܼܬ݂ (ḥayyāˀīṯ, “in a lively manner”)

Etymology 3
Root
ܚ ܝ ܐ (ḥ y ˀ)
6 terms

From Aramaic חְיָא (ḥəyā); cognate to Arabic حَيِيَ (ḥayiya) and Hebrew חַי (kháy), with the interjection similar to Hebrew יְחִי (y'khí).

Pronunciation
  • (standard) IPA(key): [xɑːjeː]
  • (Nineveh Plains) IPA(key): [xaheː]

Verb

ܚܵܝܹܐ • (ḥāyē) (present participle ܚܝܵܝܵܐ (ḥyāyā), past participle ܚܸܝܝܵܐ (ḥiyyā))

  1. to live, be alive, have life
    ܐܲܣܝܼܪܹ̈ܐ ܝܘܲܚ ܗ݇ܘܵܘ ܐܝܼܢܵܐ ܐܵܕܝܼܵܐ، ܟܹܐ ܚܵܝܲܚ ܒܚܹܐܪܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ.
    asīrē ìwaḥ wā īnā ādīyā, kē ḥāyaḥ b-ḥērūṯā.
    We were prisoners but now, we live in freedom.
  2. to survive (to live past a life-threatening event)
  3. to live, reside, inhabit (to have permanent residence somewhere)
    Synonyms: ܥܵܡܹܪ (ˁāmēr), ܫܵܟ݂ܹܢ (šāḵēn)
    ܐܲܚܢܲܢ ܒܸܚܵܝܵܐ ܝܘܲܚ ܓܵܘ ܬܲܝܡܢܵܐ ܕܢܝܼܢܘܹܐ.
    aḥnan biḥḥāyā ìwaḥ gāw taymnā d-nīnwē.
    We live in the South of Nineveh.
Conjugation
Conjugation of ܚܵܝܹܐ (ḥāyē)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m ܚܝܹܐ ܠܝܼ
(ḥyē lī)		 ܚܝܹܐ ܠܘܼܟ݂
(ḥyē lūḵ)		 ܚܝܹܐ ܠܹܗ
(ḥyē lēh)		 ܚܝܹܐ ܠܲܢ
(ḥyē lan)		 ܚܝܹܐ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ
(ḥyē lāwḵōn)		 ܚܝܹܐ ܠܗܘܿܢ
(ḥyē lhōn)
f ܚܝܹܐ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ
(ḥyē lāḵ)		 ܚܝܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇
(ḥyē lāh)
non-past m ܚܵܝܹܝܢ
(ḥāyēn)		 ܚܵܝܹܝܬ
(ḥāyēt)		 ܚܵܝܹܐ
(ḥāyē)		 ܚܵܝܲܚ
(ḥāyaḥ)		 ܚܵܝܹܝܬܘܿܢ
(ḥāyētōn)		 ܚܵܝܝܼ
(ḥāyī)
f ܚܵܝܝܵܢ
(ḥāyyān)		 ܚܵܝܝܵܬܝ
(ḥāyyāt)		 ܚܵܝܝܵܐ
(ḥāyyā)
imperative m ܚܝܝܼ
(ḥyī)		 ܚܝܹܝܡܘܼܢ
(ḥyēmūn)
f ܚܝܹܐ
(ḥyē)

Interjection

ܚܵܝܹܐ • (ḥāyē) m sg (feminine singular ܚܵܝܝܵܐ (ḥāyyā), plural ܚܵܝܝܼ (ḥāyī)) (masculine third-person non-past of the above)

  1. long live
    ܚܵܝܹܐ ܡܲܠܟܵܐ! ― ḥāyē malkā! ― Long live the king!
See also
  • ܚܲܝܹܬ (ḥayyēt, literally “May you live”)

Classical Syriac

Alternative forms

Etymology

From the root ܚ-ܝ-ܐ (ḥ-y-ʾ) related to living; compare Arabic حَيَاة (ḥayāh), Hebrew חַיִּים (ḥayyîm).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ħajje(ʔ)]

Noun

ܚܝܐ • (ḥayyē) m (plural only; not used in singular form)

  1. life, lives
  2. salvation
  3. subsistence, sustenance, nourishment

Usage notes

Although plural in number, this word may take a verb in either the plural or singular.

Inflection
    declension of ܚܝܐ
state singular plural
absolute — ܚܝܝܢ
construct — ܚܝ
emphatic — ܚܝܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my) — ܚܝܝ
2nd m. sg. (your) — ܚܝܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your) — ܚܝܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his) — ܚܝܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her) — ܚܝܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our) — ܚܝܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your) — ܚܝܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your) — ܚܝܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their) — ܚܝܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their) — ܚܝܝܗܝܢ

See also

References
  • “ḥyyn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2011-09-23
  • Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, p. 103a
  • Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 139a
  • Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, p. 444b
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