حرب

See also: ح ر ب

Arabic

Root
ح ر ب (ḥ-r-b)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *x̣arb-. Cognate with Biblical Hebrew חֶרֶב (ḥɛ́rɛḇ, “sword”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ħa.ri.ba/

Verb

حَرِبَ • (ḥariba) I, non-past يَحْرَبُ‎ (yaḥrabu)

to be enraged, to be furious, to be angry

Conjugation

Conjugation of

حَرِبَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun حَرَب)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					حَرَب ḥarab
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					حَارِب ḥārib
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	حَرِبْتُ ḥaribtu	حَرِبْتَ ḥaribta	حَرِبَ ḥariba	حَرِبْتُمَا ḥaribtumā	حَرِبَا ḥaribā	حَرِبْنَا ḥaribnā	حَرِبْتُمْ ḥaribtum	حَرِبُوا ḥaribū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	حَرِبْتُ ḥaribtu	حَرِبْتِ ḥaribti	حَرِبَتْ ḥaribat	حَرِبْتُمَا ḥaribtumā	حَرِبَتَا ḥaribatā	حَرِبْنَا ḥaribnā	حَرِبْتُنَّ ḥaribtunna	حَرِبْنَ ḥaribna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَحْرَبُ ʔaḥrabu	تَحْرَبُ taḥrabu	يَحْرَبُ yaḥrabu	تَحْرَبَانِ taḥrabāni	يَحْرَبَانِ yaḥrabāni	نَحْرَبُ naḥrabu	تَحْرَبُونَ taḥrabūna	يَحْرَبُونَ yaḥrabūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَحْرَبُ ʔaḥrabu	تَحْرَبِينَ taḥrabīna	تَحْرَبُ taḥrabu	تَحْرَبَانِ taḥrabāni	تَحْرَبَانِ taḥrabāni	نَحْرَبُ naḥrabu	تَحْرَبْنَ taḥrabna	يَحْرَبْنَ yaḥrabna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَحْرَبَ ʔaḥraba	تَحْرَبَ taḥraba	يَحْرَبَ yaḥraba	تَحْرَبَا taḥrabā	يَحْرَبَا yaḥrabā	نَحْرَبَ naḥraba	تَحْرَبُوا taḥrabū	يَحْرَبُوا yaḥrabū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَحْرَبَ ʔaḥraba	تَحْرَبِي taḥrabī	تَحْرَبَ taḥraba	تَحْرَبَا taḥrabā	تَحْرَبَا taḥrabā	نَحْرَبَ naḥraba	تَحْرَبْنَ taḥrabna	يَحْرَبْنَ yaḥrabna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَحْرَبْ ʔaḥrab	تَحْرَبْ taḥrab	يَحْرَبْ yaḥrab	تَحْرَبَا taḥrabā	يَحْرَبَا yaḥrabā	نَحْرَبْ naḥrab	تَحْرَبُوا taḥrabū	يَحْرَبُوا yaḥrabū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَحْرَبْ ʔaḥrab	تَحْرَبِي taḥrabī	تَحْرَبْ taḥrab	تَحْرَبَا taḥrabā	تَحْرَبَا taḥrabā	نَحْرَبْ naḥrab	تَحْرَبْنَ taḥrabna	يَحْرَبْنَ yaḥrabna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِحْرَبْ iḥrab		اِحْرَبَا iḥrabā			اِحْرَبُوا iḥrabū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اِحْرَبِي iḥrabī		اِحْرَبَا iḥrabā			اِحْرَبْنَ iḥrabna

Etymology 2

From Proto-Semitic *x̣arb-. Feminine because it meant a tool in Proto-Semitic, namely a blade.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ħarb/
Audio (file)

Noun

حَرْب • (ḥarb) f (plural حُرُوب (ḥurūb)) (countable and uncountable)

war
Antonyms: سِلْم (silm), سَلَام (salām)

تَتْرُكُ ٱلْحُرُوبُ أَثَرًا طَوِيلَ ٱلْأَمَدِ عَلَى ٱلْمُجْتَمَعَاتِ ٱلْمُتَضَرِّرَةِ.
tatruku l-ḥurūbu ʔaṯaran ṭawīla l-ʔamadi ʕalā l-mujtamaʕāti l-mutaḍarrirati.
Wars leave a long-lasting impact on affected communities.
warfare

Declension

Declension of noun حَرْب (ḥarb)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَرْب ḥarb	الْحَرْب al-ḥarb	حَرْب ḥarb
Nominative	حَرْبٌ ḥarbun	الْحَرْبُ al-ḥarbu	حَرْبُ ḥarbu
Accusative	حَرْبًا ḥarban	الْحَرْبَ al-ḥarba	حَرْبَ ḥarba
Genitive	حَرْبٍ ḥarbin	الْحَرْبِ al-ḥarbi	حَرْبِ ḥarbi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَرْبَيْن ḥarbayn	الْحَرْبَيْن al-ḥarbayn	حَرْبَيْ ḥarbay
Nominative	حَرْبَانِ ḥarbāni	الْحَرْبَانِ al-ḥarbāni	حَرْبَا ḥarbā
Accusative	حَرْبَيْنِ ḥarbayni	الْحَرْبَيْنِ al-ḥarbayni	حَرْبَيْ ḥarbay
Genitive	حَرْبَيْنِ ḥarbayni	الْحَرْبَيْنِ al-ḥarbayni	حَرْبَيْ ḥarbay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حُرُوب ḥurūb	الْحُرُوب al-ḥurūb	حُرُوب ḥurūb
Nominative	حُرُوبٌ ḥurūbun	الْحُرُوبُ al-ḥurūbu	حُرُوبُ ḥurūbu
Accusative	حُرُوبًا ḥurūban	الْحُرُوبَ al-ḥurūba	حُرُوبَ ḥurūba
Genitive	حُرُوبٍ ḥurūbin	الْحُرُوبِ al-ḥurūbi	حُرُوبِ ḥurūbi

Derived terms

حَرْبِيّ (ḥarbiyy)

Descendants

Maltese: ħarb
→ Armenian: հարբ (harb), ⇒ հարբ ու զարբ (harb u zarb, “threat”)
→ Azerbaijani: hərb
→ Persian: حرب (harb)
→ Harari: ሓርቢ (ḥarbi)
→ Sebat Bet Gurage: ሓርቭ (arəḇ)
→ Tigre: ሓርብ (ḥarəb)
→ Ottoman Turkish: حرب (harb)
- Turkish: harp
- Crimean Tatar: harb

Noun

حَرَب • (ḥarab) m

verbal noun of حَرِبَ (ḥariba) (form I)
(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) rage

Declension

Declension of noun حَرَب (ḥarab)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَرَب ḥarab	الْحَرَب al-ḥarab	حَرَب ḥarab
Nominative	حَرَبٌ ḥarabun	الْحَرَبُ al-ḥarabu	حَرَبُ ḥarabu
Accusative	حَرَبًا ḥaraban	الْحَرَبَ al-ḥaraba	حَرَبَ ḥaraba
Genitive	حَرَبٍ ḥarabin	الْحَرَبِ al-ḥarabi	حَرَبِ ḥarabi

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic حَرْب (ḥarb).

Noun

حرب • (harb)

war
- 1927 October, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk‎, page 5:
  ملت و مملكتی حرب عمومی‌یه سوق ایدنلر ، كندی حیاتلری اندیشه‌سنه دوشه‌رك ، مملكتدن فرار ایتمشلر.
  Millet ve memleketi harb-i umumiye sevk edenler, kendi hayatları endişesine düşerek, memleketten firar etmişler.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
battle

Descendants

Turkish: harp
Crimean Tatar: harb

References

Kélékian, Diran (1911) “حرب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 501
Redhouse, James W. (1890) “حرب”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 775

Persian

Etymology

From Arabic حَرْب (ḥarb).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [haɾβ]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [häɾb]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [häɾb]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [häɾb̥]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [hæɹb̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [häɾb]

Readings
Classical reading^?	harb
Dari reading^?	harb
Iranian reading^?	harb
Tajik reading^?	harb

Noun

حرب • (harb)

war, warfare
Synonym: جنگ (jang)
fight, battle, combat
Synonym: نبرد (nabard)

Related terms

حربی (harbi)
حربه (harbe)