дращя
Bulgarian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *draščiti. From the same root as дра́скам (dráskam).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈdraʃtʲɐ]
Verb
дра́щя • (dráštja) first-singular present indicative, impf
- to scratch, to scrape
- Synonym: дра́скам (dráskam)
- (colloquial) to croak, to screech (of a voice or object)
- to scribble (to write quickly and carelessly)
- (colloquial, derogatory) to scribble (to write badly, to write bad works)
- (colloquial) to struggle, to grasp at [+ за (object)] or [+ да (with subordinate clause)]
- дращя за нещо ― draštja za nešto ― to struggle towards something
Conjugation
Conjugation of дра́щя (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | дра́щещ dráštešt |
дра́щил, дращи́л1 dráštil, draštíl1 |
дра́щел dráštel |
дра́щен drášten |
дра́щейки dráštejki | |
| definite subject form | дра́щещият drášteštijat |
дра́щилият, дращи́лият1 dráštilijat, draštílijat1 |
— | дра́щеният dráštenijat | |||
| definite object form | дра́щещия drášteštija |
дра́щилия, дращи́лия1 dráštilija, draštílija1 |
— | дра́щения dráštenija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | дра́щеща dráštešta |
дра́щила, дращи́ла1 dráštila, draštíla1 |
дра́щела dráštela |
дра́щена dráštena | ||
| definite | дра́щещата drášteštata |
дра́щилата, дращи́лата1 dráštilata, draštílata1 |
— | дра́щената dráštenata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | дра́щещо dráštešto |
дра́щило, дращи́ло1 dráštilo, draštílo1 |
дра́щело dráštelo |
дра́щено drášteno |
дра́щене dráštene | |
| definite | дра́щещото drášteštoto |
дра́щилото, дращи́лото1 dráštiloto, draštíloto1 |
— | дра́щеното dráštenoto |
дра́щенето drášteneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | дра́щещи dráštešti |
дра́щили, дращи́ли1 dráštili, draštíli1 |
дра́щели drášteli |
дра́щени drášteni |
дра́щения, дра́щенета dráštenija, drášteneta | |
| definite | дра́щещите drášteštite |
дра́щилите, дращи́лите1 dráštilite, draštílite1 |
— | дра́щените dráštenite |
дра́щенията, дра́щенетата dráštenijata, dráštenetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | дра́щя dráštja |
дра́щиш dráštiš |
дра́щи drášti |
дра́щим dráštim |
дра́щите dráštite |
дра́щят dráštjat | |
| imperfect | дра́щех drášteh |
дра́щеше drášteše |
дра́щеше drášteše |
дра́щехме dráštehme |
дра́щехте dráštehte |
дра́щеха drášteha | |
| aorist | дра́щих, дращи́х1 dráštih, draštíh1 |
дра́щи, дращи́1 drášti, draští1 |
дра́щи, дращи́1 drášti, draští1 |
дра́щихме, дращи́хме1 dráštihme, draštíhme1 |
дра́щихте, дращи́хте1 dráštihte, draštíhte1 |
дра́щиха, дращи́ха1 dráštiha, draštíha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and дра́щил/дращи́л1 m, дра́щила/дращи́ла1 f, дра́щило/дращи́ло1 n, or дра́щили/дращи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and дра́щил/дращи́л1 m, дра́щила/дращи́ла1 f, дра́щило/дращи́ло1 n, or дра́щили/дращи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and дра́щил/дращи́л1 m, дра́щила/дращи́ла1 f, дра́щило/дращи́ло1 n, or дра́щили/дращи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and дра́щил/дращи́л1 m, дра́щила/дращи́ла1 f, дра́щило/дращи́ло1 n, or дра́щили/дращи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and дра́щел m, дра́щела f, дра́щело n, or дра́щели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and дра́щил/дращи́л1 m, дра́щила/дращи́ла1 f, дра́щило/дращи́ло1 n, or дра́щили/дращи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and дра́щил/дращи́л1 m, дра́щила/дращи́ла1 f, дра́щило/дращи́ло1 n, or дра́щили/дращи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and дра́щил/дращи́л1 m, дра́щила/дращи́ла1 f, дра́щило/дращи́ло1 n, or дра́щили/дращи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and дра́щел m, дра́щела f, дра́щело n, or дра́щели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and дра́щил/дращи́л1 m, дра́щила/дращи́ла1 f, дра́щило/дращи́ло1 n, or дра́щили/дращи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and дра́щил/дращи́л1 m, дра́щила/дращи́ла1 f, дра́щило/дращи́ло1 n, or дра́щили/дращи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and дра́щел m, дра́щела f, дра́щело n, or дра́щели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and дра́щил/дращи́л1 m, дра́щила/дращи́ла1 f, дра́щило/дращи́ло1 n, or дра́щили/дращи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and дра́щил/дращи́л1 m, дра́щила/дращи́ла1 f, дра́щило/дращи́ло1 n, or дра́щили/дращи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and дра́щил/дращи́л1 m, дра́щила/дращи́ла1 f, дра́щило/дращи́ло1 n, or дра́щили/дращи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and дра́щил/дращи́л1 m, дра́щила/дращи́ла1 f, дра́щило/дращи́ло1 n, or дра́щили/дращи́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| дращи́ draští |
драще́те draštéte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
References
- “дращя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “дращя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “дра̀скам, дра̀снам, дра̀сна, дра̀щя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 421
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