добръ
Old Church Slavonic
    
    Alternative forms
    
- ⰴⱁⰱⱃⱏ (dobrŭ) — Glagolitic
 
Etymology
    
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dobrъ, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ-ro-s, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“to match, to fit”).
Adjective
    
добръ • (dobrŭ) (comparative добрѣи or лоучии or соулѣи or соул҄ии or оун҄ии)
- good
- Antonym: зълъ (zŭlŭ)
 - добръ чловѣкъ ― dobrŭ člověkŭ ― a good man
 - добра волꙗ ― dobra volja ― goodwill
 - добра землꙗ ― dobra zemlja ― fertile soil
 
- 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Matthew 12:35:
- Добры чл҃вкъ отъ добраго съкровишта износитъ добраѣ ꙇ зълыч҃лвкъ отъ зълааго съкровишта износитъ зъла῾а ·
- Dobry čl:vkŭ otŭ dobrago sŭkrovišta iznositŭ dobraě i zŭlyč:lvkŭ otŭ zŭlaago sŭkrovišta iznositŭ zŭla῾a ·
 - A good man brings good things out of the good stored up in him, and an evil man brings evil things out of the evil stored up in him
 
 
 - 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Luke 8:15:
- а еже на добрѣ земи сии сѫть ·· ꙇже добромь сръдьцемъ и благомь ·слышавъше слово дръжѧтъ · ꙇ плодъ творѧтъ въ тръпѣнии · ·· ··
- a eže na dobrě zemi sii sǫtĭ ·· iže dobromĭ srŭdĭcemŭ i blagomĭ ·slyšavŭše slovo drŭžętŭ · i plodŭ tvorętŭ vŭ trŭpěnii · ·· ··
 - But the seed on good soil stands for those with a noble and good heart, who hear the word, retain it, and by persevering produce a crop
 
 
 
 - beautiful
- 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Luke 21:5:
- ῾ꙇ единѣмъ гл҃ѭштемь о цр҃кви · ѣко камениемь добромь и съсѫдыоукрашена естъ · рече ·
- ῾i ediněmŭ gl:jǫštemĭ o cr:kvi · ěko kameniemĭ dobromĭ i sŭsǫdyukrašena estŭ · reče ·
 - Some of his disciples were remarking about how the temple was adorned with beautiful stones and with gifts dedicated to God. But Jesus said
 
 
 - 11th century, Retko, Codex Suprasliensis (in Old Cyrillic), page 57, line 18:
- доидошꙙ и новосвѣтълꙑѧ благовѣрию подвижьникꙑ· ѥже доухомь господьн҄емь ꙁлатꙑ строуѧ· добрꙑѧ цвѣтьцꙙ крьстиꙗномъ·
- doidošę i novosvětŭlyę blagověriju podvižĭniky· ježe duxomĭ gospodĭnʹemĭ zlaty struę· dobryę cvětĭcę krĭstijanomŭ·
 - (please add an English translation of this quotation)
 
 
 
 
Declension
    
Short declension of добръ (hard o/a stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | |
| nominative | добръ dobrŭ  | 
добро dobro  | 
добра dobra  | 
добра dobra  | 
добрѣ dobrě  | 
добри dobri  | 
добра dobra  | 
добрꙑ dobry  | |
| genitive | добра dobra  | 
добрꙑ dobry  | 
доброу dobru  | 
доброу dobru  | 
добръ dobrŭ  | 
добръ dobrŭ  | |||
| dative | доброу dobru  | 
добрѣ dobrě  | 
доброма dobroma  | 
добрама dobrama  | 
добромъ dobromŭ  | 
добрамъ dobramŭ  | |||
| accusative | добръ dobrŭ  | 
добро dobro  | 
добрѫ dobrǫ  | 
добра dobra  | 
добрѣ dobrě  | 
добрꙑ dobry  | 
добра dobra  | 
добрꙑ dobry  | |
| instrumental | добромь dobromĭ  | 
добрѭ dobrjǫ  | 
доброма dobroma  | 
добрама dobrama  | 
добрꙑ dobry  | 
добрами dobrami  | |||
| locative | добрѣ dobrě  | 
добрѣ dobrě  | 
доброу dobru  | 
доброу dobru  | 
добрѣхъ dobrěxŭ  | 
добрахъ dobraxŭ  | |||
| vocative | добръ dobrŭ  | 
добро dobro  | 
добра dobra  | 
добра dobra  | 
добрѣ dobrě  | 
добри dobri  | 
добра dobra  | 
добрꙑ dobry  | |
Long declension of добръ (hard o/a stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | |
| nominative | добрꙑи dobryi  | 
доброѥ dobroje  | 
добраꙗ dobraja  | 
добраꙗ dobraja  | 
добрѣи dobrěi  | 
добрии dobrii  | 
добраꙗ dobraja  | 
добрꙑѩ dobryję  | |
| genitive | добраѥго dobrajego  | 
добрꙑѩ dobryję  | 
доброую dobruju  | 
доброую dobruju  | 
добрꙑихъ dobryixŭ  | 
добрꙑихъ dobryixŭ  | |||
| dative | доброуѥмоу dobrujemu  | 
добрѣи dobrěi  | 
добрꙑима dobryima  | 
добрꙑима dobryima  | 
добрꙑимъ dobryimŭ  | 
добрꙑимъ dobryimŭ  | |||
| accusative | добрꙑи dobryi  | 
доброѥ dobroje  | 
добрѫѭ dobrǫjǫ  | 
добраꙗ dobraja  | 
добрѣи dobrěi  | 
добрꙑѩ dobryję  | 
добраꙗ dobraja  | 
добрꙑѩ dobryję  | |
| instrumental | добрꙑимь dobryimĭ  | 
добрѭ dobrjǫ  | 
добрꙑима dobryima  | 
добрꙑима dobryima  | 
добрꙑими dobryimi  | 
добрꙑими dobryimi  | |||
| locative | добрѣѥмь dobrějemĭ  | 
добрѣи dobrěi  | 
доброую dobruju  | 
доброую dobruju  | 
добрꙑихъ dobryixŭ  | 
добрꙑихъ dobryixŭ  | |||
| vocative | добрꙑи dobryi  | 
доброѥ dobroje  | 
добраꙗ dobraja  | 
добраꙗ dobraja  | 
добрѣи dobrěi  | 
добрии dobrii  | 
добраꙗ dobraja  | 
добрꙑѩ dobryję  | |
Derived terms
    
nouns
adjectives
- доброличьнъ (dobroličĭnŭ)
 - доброобразьнъ (dobroobrazĭnŭ)
 - добропотрѣбьнъ (dobropotrěbĭnŭ)
 - доброразоумивъ (dobrorazumivŭ)
 - доброродьнъ (dobrorodĭnŭ)
 - доброчьстивъ (dobročĭstivŭ)
 
verbs
- добродѣꙗти impf (dobrodějati)
 - доброприимати impf (dobropriimati)
 
References
    
- “добръ”, in GORAZD (overall work in Czech, English, and Russian), http://gorazd.org, 2016—2024
 - Havlová, Eva, editor (1992), “dobrъ”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského [Etymological Dictionary of the Old Church Slavonic Language] (in Czech), numbers 3 (dělo – gospodь), Prague: Academia, →ISBN, page 137
 
Old East Slavic
    
    Etymology
    
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dobrъ.
Pronunciation
    
Adjective
    
добръ (dobrŭ)
- good
- 1076, Sviatoslav's izbornik, page 1:
- Добро есть, братиѥ, почѥтаньѥ книжьноѥ։ паче вьсѧкомоу хрьстьꙗноу·
- Dobro estĭ, bratije, počjetanĭje knižĭnoje։ pače vĭsękomu xrĭstĭjanu·
 - The reading of books is good, brothers: more so for any Christian.
 
 
 
 
Declension
    
Short declension of добръ (hard o/a stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine | Neuter | Feminine | Masculine | Neuter | Feminine | Masculine | Neuter | Feminine | |
| Nominative | добръ dobrŭ  | 
добро dobro  | 
добра dobra  | 
добра dobra  | 
добрѣ dobrě  | 
добри dobri  | 
добра dobra  | 
добрꙑ dobry  | |
| Genitive | добра dobra  | 
добрꙑ dobry  | 
добру dobru  | 
добру dobru  | 
добръ dobrŭ  | 
добръ dobrŭ  | |||
| Dative | добру dobru  | 
добрѣ dobrě  | 
доброма dobroma  | 
добрама dobrama  | 
добромъ dobromŭ  | 
добрамъ dobramŭ  | |||
| Accusative | добръ dobrŭ  | 
добро dobro  | 
добрѫ dobrǫ  | 
добра dobra  | 
добрѣ dobrě  | 
добри dobri  | 
добра dobra  | 
добрꙑ dobry  | |
| Instrumental | добръмь dobrŭmĭ  | 
доброѭ dobrojǫ  | 
доброма dobroma  | 
добрама dobrama  | 
добрꙑ dobry  | 
добрами dobrami  | |||
| Locative | добрѣ dobrě  | 
добрѣ dobrě  | 
добру dobru  | 
добру dobru  | 
добрѣхъ dobrěxŭ  | 
добрахъ dobraxŭ  | |||
Long declension of добръ (hard o/a stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine | Neuter | Feminine | Masculine | Neuter | Feminine | Masculine | Neuter | Feminine | |
| Nominative | добрꙑи dobryi  | 
доброе dobroe  | 
добраꙗ dobraja  | 
добраꙗ dobraja  | 
добрѣи dobrěi  | 
добрии dobrii  | 
добраꙗ dobraja  | 
добрꙑѣ dobryě  | |
| Genitive | доброго dobrogo  | 
добрꙑѣ dobryě  | 
добрую dobruju  | 
добрую dobruju  | 
добрꙑихъ dobryixŭ  | 
добрꙑихъ dobryixŭ  | |||
| Dative | доброму dobromu  | 
доброи dobroi  | 
добрꙑима dobryima  | 
добрꙑима dobryima  | 
добрꙑимъ dobryimŭ  | 
добрꙑимъ dobryimŭ  | |||
| Accusative | добрꙑи dobryi  | 
доброе dobroe  | 
добрѫѭ dobrǫjǫ  | 
добраꙗ dobraja  | 
добрѣи dobrěi  | 
добрꙑѣ dobryě  | 
добраꙗ dobraja  | 
добрꙑѣ dobryě  | |
| Instrumental | добрꙑимь dobryimĭ  | 
доброѭ dobrojǫ  | 
добрꙑима dobryima  | 
добрꙑима dobryima  | 
добрꙑими dobryimi  | 
добрꙑими dobryimi  | |||
| Locative | добромь dobromĭ  | 
доброи dobroi  | 
добрую dobruju  | 
добрую dobruju  | 
добрꙑихъ dobryixŭ  | 
добрꙑихъ dobryixŭ  | |||
Descendants
    
References
    
- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893) “добръ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments] (in Russian), volumes 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 681
 
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