šdj

Egyptian

3ae inf.

(transitive) to recite, to read (aloud)[1]
- c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) line 2.6:
  
  wn.jn.sn ḥr šdt st mj ntt m zẖꜣ
  So then they were reading it as it was in writing.

Conjugation of šdj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: šd, geminated stem: šdd

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
šdt, šdj	šdw, šd	šdt, šdwt, šdyt	šd	šd, šdy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
šd⁸, šdd⁸	ḥr šdt, ḥr šdj	m šdt, m šdj	r šdt, r šdj

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	šd.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	šdw¹, šdy, šd	active + .tj¹, .tw²	šd	šdy, šd
imperfective	šdd, šddy, šddw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	šdd, šddj⁶, šddy⁶	šdd, šddw⁵
prospective	šdw¹, šdy, šd, šdtj⁷	—	šdwtj^{1 4}, šdtj⁴, šdt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

3ae inf.

Conjugation of šdj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: šd, geminated stem: šdd

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
šdt, šdj	šdw, šd	šdt, šdwt, šdyt	šd	šd, šdy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
šd⁸, šdd⁸	ḥr šdt, ḥr šdj	m šdt, m šdj	r šdt, r šdj

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	šd.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	šdw¹, šdy, šd	active + .tj¹, .tw²	šd	šdy, šd
imperfective	šdd, šddy, šddw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	šdd, šddj⁶, šddy⁶	šdd, šddw⁵
prospective	šdw¹, šdy, šd, šdtj⁷	—	šdwtj^{1 4}, šdtj⁴, šdt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šdj

šdj

3ae inf.

Conjugation of šdj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: šd, geminated stem: šdd

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
šdt, šdj	šdw, šd	šdt, šdwt, šdyt	šd	šd, šdy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
šd⁸, šdd⁸	ḥr šdt, ḥr šdj	m šdt, m šdj	r šdt, r šdj

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	šd.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	šdw¹, šdy, šd	active + .tj¹, .tw²	šd	šdy, šd
imperfective	šdd, šddy, šddw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	šdd, šddj⁶, šddy⁶	šdd, šddw⁵
prospective	šdw¹, šdy, šd, šdtj⁷	—	šdwtj^{1 4}, šdtj⁴, šdt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 162, 256, 267, 284, 339.
Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 147

Yoshinari Kaoru (1999) ヒエログリフ入門(Beginner's Hieroglyphic grammars) (in Japanese), Yaroku co., Ltd., →ISBN, page 190

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