Taxonavigation
Superregnum: Eukaryota 
Regnum: Plantae 
Divisio: Tracheophyta
Cladus: Euphyllophytina
Cladus: Radiatopses
Cladus: Lignophyta
Cladus: Spermatophyta
Name
Spermatophyta Willkomm, 1854
Synonyms
- Phanerogamae sensu Bartling, 1830, Brongniart, 1843
 - Anthophyta sensu Braun in Ascherson, 1864
 - Siphonogamae sensu Engler, 1886
 - Magnoliophyta sensu Takhtajan, 1964
 - Spermatophytina (auct.) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
 
Classifications
Bartling (1830)
Ordines naturales plantarum, . See Lindley (1846), .
- Cellularia
- Homonemea (Fungi, Lichenes, Algae)
 - Heteronemea (Musci)
 
 - Vascularia
- Cryptogama
 - Phanerogama
- Monocotyledonea
 - Dicotyledonea
 
 
 
Brongniart (1843)
Énumération des genres de plantes cultivées au Musée d'histoire naturelle de Paris, . See Lindley (1846), , Engler & Gilg (1919), .
- Division Cryptogames (Cryptogamae)
- Amphigénes (Amphigenae)
 - Acrogénes (Acrogenae)
 
 - Division Phanérogames (Phanerogamae)
- Monocotylédones (Monocotyledoneae)
 - Dicotylédones (Dicotyledoneae)
- Angiospermes (Angiospermae)
 - Gymnospermes (Gymnospermae)
 
 
 
Willkomm (1854)
Anleitung zum Studium der wissenschaftlichen Botanik, 2 vols., 1854, , .
- Sporophyta
- Angiosporae
 - Gymnosporae
- Hepaticae
 - Musci frondosi
 - Filices
 - Equisetaceae
 - Rhizocarpeae
 - Lycopodiaceae
 
 
 - Spermatophyta
- Gymnospermae
 - Angiospermae
- Monocotyledoneae
 - Dicotyledoneae
 
 
 
Braun in Ascherson (1864)
- Ascherson, P.F.A. 1861–1864. Flora der Provinz Brandenburg, der Altmark und des Herzogthums Magdeburg. Erste Abtheilung. A. Hirschwald, Berlin. Biblioteca Digital Reference page. . See Engler & Gilg (1919), .
 
[In Plantae (L.)]
- Bryophyta
- Thallodea (Algen, Flechten, Pilze)
 - Thallophyllodea (Charen, Moose)
 
 - Cormophyta
 - Anthophyta
- Gymnospermae
 - Angiospermae
- Monocotyledones
 - Dicotyledones
 
 
 
Engler (1886)
Engler, A. 1886. Führer durch den königlich botanischen Garten der Universität zu Breslau. Breslau: J. U. Kern's Verlag, .
[In Plantae (L.)]
- Myzetozoa [p. 10]
- Myxomycetes
 
 - Thallophyta
- Schizophyta
 - Algae
 - Fungi
 - Characeae
 
 - Zoidiogamae (Archegoniatae)
- Bryophyta
 - Pteridophyta
 
 - Siphonogamae (Phanerogamae, Anthophyta)
- Gymnospemae (Archispermae)
 - Angiospermae (Metaspermae)
- Klasse Monocotyledoneae
 - Klasse Dicotyledoneae
- Unterklasse Archichlamydeae
 - Unterklasse Sympetalae
 
 
 
 
Takhtajan (1964)
Takhtajan, A. (1964). The taxa of the higher plants above the rank of order. Taxon 13(5): 160–164, .
Subregnum Telomobionta (= Cormobionta)
- 1. Divisio Psilophyta
 - 2. Divisio Bryophyta
 - 3. Divisio Lycopodiophyta (= Lycophyta, Lepidophyta)
 - 4. Divisio Psilotophyta
 - 5. Divisio Equisetophyta (= Sphenophyta, Calamophyta)
 - 6. Divisio Polypodiophyta (= Pteridophyta s.str., Pterophyta s.str.)
 - 7. Divisio Magnoliophyta (= Spermatophyta)
 
Ruggiero et al. (2015)
Ruggiero, M.A., Gordon, D.P., Orrell, T.M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R.C., Cavalier-Smith, T., Guiry, M. D. & Kirk, P. M. (2015). A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248, .
- Superkingdom Eukaryota
- Kingdom Plantae [= Archaeplastida]
- Subkingdom Biliphyta
- Phylum Glaucophyta
 - Phylum Rhodophyta
 
 - Subkingdom Viridiplantae
- Infrakingdom Chlorophyta
 - Infrakingdom Streptophyta
- Superphylum Charophyta
 - Superphylum Embryophyta
- Phylum Anthocerotophyta
 - Phylum Bryophyta
 - Phylum Marchantiophyta
 - Phylum Tracheophyta
- Subphylum Lycopodiophytina
- Class Lycopodiopsida
- Order Isoetales
 - Order Lycopodiales
 - Order Selaginellales
 
 
 - Class Lycopodiopsida
 - Subphylum Polypodiophytina
- Class Polypodiopsida
- Subclass Equisetidae
- Order Equisetales
 
 - Subclass Marattiidae
- Order Marattiales
 
 - Subclass Ophioglossidae [= Psilotidae]
- Order Ophioglossales
 - Order Psilotales
 
 - Subclass Polypodiidae
- Order Cyatheales
 - Order Gleicheniales
 - Order Hymenophyllales
 - Order Osmundales
 - Order Polypodiales
 - Order Salviniales
 - Order Schizaeales
 
 
 - Subclass Equisetidae
 
 - Class Polypodiopsida
 - Subphylum Spermatophytina
- Superclass “Angiospermae”
- Class Magnoliopsida
- Superorder N.N.
- Order N.N. (e.g., Icacinaceae)
 
 - Superorder Amborellanae
- Order Amborellales
 
 - Superorder Asteranae
- Order Apiales
 - Order Aquifoliales
 - Order Asterales
 - Order Boraginales
 - Order Bruniales
 - Order Cornales
 - Order Dipsacales
 - Order Ericales
 - Order Escalloniales
 - Order Garryales
 - Order Gentianales
 - Order Lamiales
 - Order Paracryphiales
 - Order Solanales
 
 - Superorder Austrobaileyanae
- Order Austrobaileyales
 
 - Superorder Berberidopsidanae
- Order Berberidopsidales
 
 - Superorder Buxanae
- Order Buxales
 
 - Superorder Caryophyllanae
- Order Caryophyllales
 
 - Superorder Ceratophyllanae
- Order Ceratophyllales
 
 - Superorder Dillenianae
- Order Dilleniales
 
 - Superorder Lilianae [= Monocotyledones]
- Order Acorales
 - Order Alismatales
 - Order Arecales
 - Order Asparagales
 - Order Commelinales
 - Order Dasypogonales
 - Order Dioscoreales
 - Order Liliales
 - Order Pandanales
 - Order Petrosaviales
 - Order Poales
 - Order Zingiberales
 
 - Superorder Magnolianae
- Order Canellales
 - Order Chloranthales
 - Order Laurales
 - Order Magnoliales
 - Order Piperales
 
 - Superorder Myrothamnanae
- Order Gunnerales
 
 - Superorder Nymphaeanae
- Order Nymphaeales
 
 - Superorder Proteanae
- Order Proteales
 
 - Superorder Ranunculanae
- Order Ranunculales
 
 - Superorder Rosanae
- Order Brassicales
 - Order Celastrales
 - Order Crossosomatales
 - Order Cucurbitales
 - Order Fabales
 - Order Fagales
 - Order Geraniales
 - Order Huerteales
 - Order Malpighiales
 - Order Malvales
 - Order Myrtales
 - Order Oxalidales
 - Order Picramniales
 - Order Rosales
 - Order Sapindales
 - Order Vitales
 - Order Zygophyllales
 
 - Superorder Santalanae
- Order Santalales
 
 - Superorder Saxifraganae
- Order Saxifragales
 
 - Superorder Trochodendranae
- Order Trochodendrales
 
 
 - Superorder N.N.
 
 - Class Magnoliopsida
 - Superclass “Gymnospermae”
- Class Cycadopsida
- Subclass Cycadidae
- Order Cycadales
 
 
 - Subclass Cycadidae
 - Class Ginkgoopsida
- Subclass Ginkgooidae
- Order Ginkgoales
 
 
 - Subclass Ginkgooidae
 - Class Gnetopsida
 - Class Pinopsida
 
 - Class Cycadopsida
 
 - Superclass “Angiospermae”
 
 - Subphylum Lycopodiophytina
 
 
 
 
 - Subkingdom Biliphyta
 
 - Kingdom Plantae [= Archaeplastida]
 
