Micellar solution

In colloidal chemistry, a micellar solution consists of a dispersion of micelles (small particles) in a solvent (most usually water). Micelles are made of molecules that are attracted to both water and oily solvents, known as amphiphiles. Micellar solutions form when the concentration of amphiphile moleculus exceeds the critical micelle concentration (CMC), which is when the tails aggregate inward to minimize contact with water, while the heads face outward, creating spherical or other-shaped micelles.

Although micelles are often depicted as being spherical, they can be cylindrical or oblate depending on the chemical structure of the amphiphile. Because surfactant molecules and micelles are randomly oriented and distributed throughout the solvent, the solution has a homogeneous, transparent appearance. At higher surfactant concentrations or under specific conditions (e.g. temperature), micellar solutions can transition into lyotropic liquid crystalline phases with anisotropic properties, such as hexagonal or lamellar arrangements.[1][2][3]

History

Micellar originates from France, with its usage in skincare dating back to 1913.[4] Its popularity boomed internationally when French pharmaceutical company Bioderma released their product Sensibio H2O micellar water in 1991.[5]

Commercial uses

Micellar solutions solubilize hydrophobic substances in their cores and are therefore used in detergents, cosmetics, drug delivery, and analytical chemistry. Micellar water is a dilute micellar solution used in skincare, often to remove makeup and oil from the face.[6][7][8] Formulations commonly incorporate non-ionic caprylic/capric glycerides and humectants dispersed in purified water.

Micellar systems are also used to improve the solubility and bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. They are also applied to stabilize emulsions in food and industrial formulations.

References

  1. ^ Yuanqing, Zhang; Xiancheng, Zeng; Siqing, Cheng; Xiaoqi, Yu; Anming, Tian (1999-04-01). "Micellar Catalysis of Composite Reactions I Micellar Effect on the Consecutive First Order Reaction". Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology. 20 (3): 1009–1024. doi:10.1080/01932699908943831. ISSN 0193-2691.
  2. ^ El-Aila, Hisham J. (2013-07-03). "Micellar Catalytic Reduction of Glycine by 2,7-Dibromo-4-(Hydroxymercuri)-Fluoresceine Disodium Salt: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Aspects". Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology. 34 (7): 957–963. doi:10.1080/01932691.2012.735904. ISSN 0193-2691. S2CID 98033918.
  3. ^ Oh, S. G.; Shah, D. O. (1994-01-01). "Micellar Lifetime: Its Relevance to Various Technological Processes". Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology. 15 (3): 297–316. doi:10.1080/01932699408943559. ISSN 0193-2691.
  4. ^ Donohue, Shannon (2017-07-12). "Micellar Water, a Popular Beauty Trend Dating Back to France in the 1900s, Is Officially Back". The Healthy. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
  5. ^ "Eau micellaire : Le nettoyant dermatologique inventé pour la peau sensible. Tout savoir sur son efficacité, son utilisation". Bioderma Laboratoire Dermatologique (in French). Retrieved 2021-08-07.
  6. ^ "What The Heck Is Micellar Water, And Should You Use It?". HuffPost. 2015-07-15. Retrieved 2019-04-20.
  7. ^ "Here's How Micellar Water Actually Works". Allure. 15 July 2015. Retrieved 2019-04-20.
  8. ^ Wischhover, Cheryl (2017-11-13). "The Pros and Cons of Micellar Water". Racked. Retrieved 2019-04-20.
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