Isotopes of vanadium

Isotopes of vanadium (23V)
Main isotopes Decay
Isotope abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
48V synth 15.97 d β+ 48Ti
49V synth 330 d ε 49Ti
50V 0.25% 2.71×1017 y β+ 50Ti
51V 99.8% stable
Standard atomic weight Ar°(V)

Naturally occurring vanadium (23V) is composed of one stable isotope, 51V, and one radioactive isotope, 50V, with a half-life of 2.71×1017 years. Twenty-five artificial radioisotopes have been characterized, ranging from 42V to 68V. The most stable of these are 49V with a half-life of 330 days and 48V with a half-life of 15.9735 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives shorter than an hour, with the majority of them below 10 seconds. Seven metastable excited states have also been observed, two of which are for 60V.

The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope 51V is electron capture or positron emission resulting in titanium isotopes; that after the beta decay to chromium isotopes.

List of isotopes


Nuclide
[n 1] 		Z N Isotopic mass (Da)[3]
[n 2][n 3] 		Half-life[4]
[n 4][n 5] 		Decay
mode[4]
[n 6] 		Daughter
isotope
[n 7] 		Spin and
parity[4]
[n 8][n 5] 		Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Excitation energy[n 5] Normal proportion[4] Range of variation
42V 23 19
43V 23 20 42.980766(46) 79.3(24) ms β+ (>97.5%) 43Ti 7/2−#
β+, p (<2.5%) 42Sc
44V 23 21 43.9744410(78) 111(7) ms β+ 44Ti (2)+
β+, α (?%) 40Ca
44mV 271(9) keV 150(3) ms β+ 44Ti (6)+
45V 23 22 44.96576850(93) 547(6) ms β+ 45Ti 7/2−
45mV 56.8(6) keV 512(13) ns IT 45V (3/2−)
46V 23 23 45.96019739(14) 422.62(5) ms β+ 46Ti 0+
46mV 801.46(10) keV 1.02(7) ms IT 46V 3+
47V 23 24 46.95490356(12) 32.6(3) min β+ 47Ti 3/2−
48V 23 25 47.9522509(10) 15.9735(25) d β+ 48Ti 4+
49V 23 26 48.94851051(88) 330(15) d EC 49Ti 7/2−
50V[n 9] 23 27 49.947156681(99) 2.71(13)×1017 y β+[n 10] 50Ti 6+ 0.00250(10)
51V[n 11] 23 28 50.94395766(10) Stable 7/2− 0.99750(10)
52V 23 29 51.94477364(17) 3.743(5) min β− 52Cr 3+
53V 23 30 52.9443349(33) 1.543(14) min β− 53Cr 7/2−
54V 23 31 53.946432(12) 49.8(5) s β− 54Cr 3+
54mV 108.0(10) keV 900(500) ns IT 54V (5)+
55V 23 32 54.947262(29) 6.54(15) s β− 55Cr 7/2−#
56V 23 33 55.95042(19) 216(4) ms β− 56Cr (1+)
57V 23 34 56.952297(91) 350(10) ms β− 57Cr (7/2−)
58V 23 35 57.95660(10) 191(10) ms β− 58Cr (1+)
59V 23 36 58.95962(15) 95(6) ms β− (<97%) 59Cr (5/2−)
β−, n (>3%) 58Cr
60V 23 37 59.96448(20) 122(18) ms β− (>99.9%) 60Cr 3+#
60m1V[n 12] 0(150)# keV 40(15) ms β− 60Cr 1+#
60m2V 203.7(7) keV 230(24) ns IT 60V (4+)
61V 23 38 60.96760(25) 48.2(6) ms β− (85.5%) 61Cr (3/2−)
β−, n (14.5%) 60Cr
62V 23 39 61.97293(28) 33.6(23) ms β− 62Cr 3+#
63V 23 40 62.97666(37) 19.6(9) ms β− (<65%) 63Cr (3/2−,5/2−)
β−, n (>35%) 62Cr
64V 23 41 63.98248(43)# 15(2) ms β− 64Cr (1,2)
64mV 81.0(7) keV <1 μs IT 64V
65V 23 42 64.98700(54)# 14# ms
[>620 ns] 		5/2−#
66V 23 43 65.99324(54)# 10# ms
[>620 ns]
67V 23 44 66.99813(64)# 8# ms
[>620 ns] 		5/2−#
68V[6] 23 45
This table header & footer:
  1. ^ mV – Excited nuclear isomer.
  2. ^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  3. ^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  4. ^ Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer than age of universe.
  5. ^ a b c # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  6. ^ Modes of decay:
    EC: Electron capture


    IT: Isomeric transition


    p: Proton emission
  7. ^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
  8. ^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
  9. ^ Primordial radionuclide
  10. ^ Theoretically capable of β− decay to 50Cr; the most recent measurement suggests a branching ratio of 0.7%.[5]
  11. ^ See also Vanadium-51 nuclear magnetic resonance
  12. ^ Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.

See also

Daughter products other than vanadium

References

  1. ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Vanadium". CIAAW. 1977.
  2. ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  3. ^ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
  4. ^ a b c d Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  5. ^ Laubenstein, M.; Lehnert, B.; Nagorny, S. S.; Nisi, S.; Zuber, K. (5 April 2019). "New investigation of half-lives for the decay modes of 50V". Physical Review C. 99 045501. arXiv:1812.04745. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.99.045501.
  6. ^ Tarasov, O. B.; Sherrill, B. M.; Dombos, A. C.; Fukushima, K.; Gade, A.; Haak, K.; Hausmann, M.; Kahl, D.; Kaloyanov, D.; Kwan, E.; Matthews, H. K.; Ostroumov, P. N.; Portillo, M.; Richardson, I.; Smith, M. K.; Watters, S. (4 September 2025). "Discovery of new isotopes in the fragmentation of Se 82 and insights into their production". Physical Review C. 112 (3). doi:10.1103/573p-7fjp.
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