This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture. Boiling points are reported at a pressure of 760 mm Hg unless otherwise stated. Where the mixture separates into layers, values are shown for upper (U) and lower (L) layers.
The data were obtained from Lange's 10th edition[1] and CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th edition[2] unless otherwise noted (see color code table).
A list of 15825 binary and ternary mixtures was collated and published by the American Chemical Society.[3] An azeotrope databank is also available online through the University of Edinburgh.[4]
Binary azeotropes
| Data source color code
|
| CRC & Lange's
|
CRC only
|
Lange's only
|
other (see references)
|
Binary azeotropes of water, b.p.=100 °C
| 2nd Component |
b.p. of
comp. (˚C) |
b.p. of
mixture (˚C) |
% by
weight |
spef.
grav
|
| with various alcohols
|
| ethanol |
78.4 |
78.1 |
95.5
|
0.804
|
| methanol[5] |
64.7
|
No azeotrope
|
| 1-propanol |
97.3 |
87.7 |
71.7
|
0.866
|
| 2-propanol |
82.5 |
80.4 |
87.7
|
0.818
|
| n-butanol |
117.8 |
92.4 |
55.5
U 79.9
L 7.7
|
U 0.849
L 0.990
|
| sec-butanol |
99.5 |
88.5 |
67.9
|
0.863
|
| isobutanol |
108.0 |
90.0 |
70.0
U 85.0
L 8.7
|
U 0.839
L 0.988
|
| tert-butanol |
82.8 |
79.9 |
88.3 |
|
| allyl alcohol |
97.0 |
88.2 |
72.9
|
0.905
|
| furfuryl alcohol |
169.4 |
98.5 |
20 |
|
| cyclohexanol[6] |
161.1 |
97.8 |
20 |
|
| benzyl alcohol[6] |
205.4 |
99.9 |
9 |
|
| with various organic acids
|
| formic acid |
100.8 |
107.3 |
77.5 |
|
| acetic acid ‡[5][7] |
118.1
|
No azeotrope
|
| propionic acid |
141.1 |
99.98 |
17.7
|
1.016
|
| butyric acid |
163.5 |
99.94 |
18.4
|
1.007
|
| isobutyric acid |
154.5 |
99.3 |
21 |
|
| with mineral acids
|
| nitric acid |
83.0 |
120.5 |
68
|
1.405
|
| perchloric acid |
110.0 |
203 |
71.6 |
|
| hydrofluoric acid |
19.9 |
120 |
37 |
|
| hydrochloric acid |
–84 |
110 |
20.24
|
1.102
|
| hydrobromic acid |
–73 |
126 |
47.5
|
1.481
|
| hydroiodic acid |
–34 |
127 |
57
|
| sulfuric acid |
290 |
338 |
98 |
|
| with various alkyl halides
|
| ethylene chloride |
83.7 |
72 |
91.8 |
|
| propylene chloride |
96.8 |
78 |
89.4 |
|
| chloroform[8] |
61.2 |
56.1 |
97.2
U 0.8
L 99.8
|
U 1.004
L 1.491
|
| carbon tetrachloride |
76.8 |
66.8 |
95.9
U 0.03
L 99.97
|
U 1.000
L 1.597
|
| methylene chloride |
40.0 |
38.8 |
99.6
U 2.0
99.9
|
U 1.009
L 1.328
|
| with various esters
|
| ethyl acetate |
77.1 |
70.4 |
91.9
U 96.7
L 8.7
|
U 0.907
L 0.999
|
| methyl acetate |
57.0 |
56.1 |
95.0 |
0.940
|
| n-propyl acetate[6] |
101.6 |
82.4 |
86 |
|
| isopropyl acetate[9]
|
88.7
|
75.9
|
88.9
|
|
| ethyl nitrate |
87.7 |
74.4 |
78 |
|
| with various other solvents
|
| acetone ‡[5][7] |
56.5
|
No azeotrope
|
| methyl ethyl ketone |
79.6 |
73.5 |
89
|
0.834
|
| pyridine |
115.5 |
92.6 |
57
|
1.010
|
| benzene |
80.2 |
69.3 |
91.1
U 99.94
L 0.07
|
U 0.880
L 0.999
|
| toluene |
110.8 |
84.1 |
79.8
U 99.95
L 0.06
|
U 0.868
L 1.000
|
| cyclohexane |
80.7 |
69.8 |
91.5
U 99.99
L 0.01 |
U 0.780
L 1.00
|
| CPME[10]
|
106
|
83
|
83.7
|
|
| MTBE[10]
|
55
|
52.9
|
96.5
|
|
| diethyl ether |
34.5 |
34.2 |
98.7
|
0.720
|
| tetrahydrofuran[5] |
66 |
64.2[11] |
95 |
|
| 2-methyltetrahydrofuran[12][10]
|
80.2
|
71
|
89.4
|
|
| anisole |
153.9 |
95.5 |
59.5 |
|
| acetonitrile |
82.0 |
76.5 |
83.7
|
0.818
|
| chloral |
97.75 |
95.0 |
93.0 |
|
| hydrazine[13] |
113.5 |
120.3 |
68.5 |
|
| m-xylene[3][14] |
139.0 |
92.0 |
64.2 |
|
‡ CRC 44th ed. lists azeotropes for acetic acid/water and acetone/water, Lange's 10th ed. as well as numerous web sources indicate no azeotrope for these pairs.
Binary azeotropes of allyl alcohol, b.p.=97.0 °C
| 2nd Component |
b.p. of
comp. (˚C) |
b.p. of
mixture (˚C) |
% by
weight |
spef.
grav
|
| with various solvents
|
| methyl butyrate |
102.7 |
93.8 |
45 |
|
| n-propyl acetate |
101.6 |
94.2 |
47 |
|
| benzene |
80.2 |
76.8 |
82.6
|
0.874
|
| toluene |
110.8 |
92.4 |
50 |
|
| cyclohexane |
80.8 |
74 |
80 |
|
| carbon tetrachloride |
76.8 |
72.3 |
88.5
|
1.450
|
| ethylene chloride |
83.7 |
79.9 |
82 |
|
|
Binary azeotropes of ethanol, b.p.=78.4 °C
| 2nd Component |
b.p. of
comp. (˚C) |
b.p. of
mixture (˚C) |
% by
weight |
spef.
grav
|
| with various esters
|
| ethyl acetate |
77.1 |
71.8 |
69.2
|
0.863
|
| methyl acetate |
57.0 |
56.9 |
97 |
|
| ethyl nitrate |
87.7 |
71.9 |
56 |
|
| isopropyl acetate[6] |
88.4 |
76.8 |
47 |
|
| with various hydrocarbons
|
| benzene |
80.2 |
68.2 |
67.6
|
0.848
|
| cyclohexane[15] |
80.7 |
64.9 |
69.5
|
| toluene |
110.8 |
76.7 |
32
|
0.815
|
| n-pentane |
36.2 |
34.3 |
95 |
|
| n-hexane |
68.9 |
58.7 |
79
|
0.687
|
| n-heptane |
98.5 |
70.9 |
51
|
0.729
|
| n-octane |
125.6 |
77.0 |
22 |
|
| with various alkyl halides
|
| ethylene chloride |
83.7 |
70.5 |
63 |
|
| chloroform |
61.1 |
59.4 |
93
|
1.403
|
| carbon tetrachloride |
76.8 |
65.1 |
84.2
|
1.377
|
| allyl chloride |
45.7 |
44 |
95 |
|
| n-propyl chloride |
46.7 |
45.0 |
93 |
|
| isopropyl chloride |
36.3 |
35.6 |
97.2 |
|
| n-propyl bromide |
71.0 |
62.8 |
79.5 |
|
| isopropyl bromide |
59.8 |
55.6 |
89.5 |
|
| n-propyl iodide |
102.4 |
75.4 |
56 |
|
| isopropyl iodide |
89.4 |
71.5 |
73 |
|
| methyl iodide |
42.6 |
41.2 |
96.8 |
|
| methylene chloride |
40.1 |
39.85 |
95.0 |
|
| ethyl bromide |
38.0 |
37.0 |
97.0 |
|
| trichloroethylene |
87 |
70.9 |
73.0
|
1.197
|
| trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC 113) |
47.7 |
43.8 |
96.2
|
1.517
|
| tetrachloroethylene |
121.0 |
76.75 |
37.0 |
|
| with various other solvents
|
| water |
78.4 |
78.1 |
4.5
|
0.804
|
| methyl ethyl ketone |
79.6 |
74.8 |
60
|
0.802
|
| acetonitrile |
82.0 |
72.9 |
43.0
|
0.788
|
| nitromethane |
101.3 |
75.95 |
26.8 |
|
tetrahydrofuran[16]
P = 100 kPa |
65.6 |
65 |
96.7 |
|
| 2-methyltetrahydrofuran[12]
|
80.2
|
74.4
|
66
|
|
| thiophene[15] |
84.1 |
70.0 |
55.0 |
|
| carbon disulfide[6] |
46.2 |
42.4 |
92 |
|
Binary azeotropes of methanol, b.p.=64.7 °C
| 2nd Component |
b.p. of
comp. (˚C) |
b.p. of
mixture (˚C) |
% by
weight |
spef.
grav
|
| with various esters
|
| methyl acetate |
57.0 |
53.8 |
81.3
|
0.908
|
| ethyl acetate |
77.1 |
62.3 |
56
|
0.846
|
| ethyl formate |
54.1 |
51.0 |
84 |
|
| with various hydrocarbons
|
| benzene |
80.2 |
58.3 |
60.5
|
0.844
|
| toluene |
110.8 |
63.8 |
31
|
0.813
|
| cyclohexane |
80.8 |
45.2 |
62.8
U 97.0
L 39.0 |
|
| n-pentane |
36.2 |
30.8 |
91 |
|
| n-hexane[17] |
68.9 |
60 |
71.6 |
|
| n-heptane |
98.5 |
59.1 |
48.5 |
|
| n-octane |
125.8 |
63.0 |
72.0 |
|
| with various alkyl halides
|
| methylene chloride |
40.0 |
37.8 |
92.7 |
|
| ethylene chloride |
83.7 |
61.0 |
68 |
|
| chloroform |
61.1 |
53.5 |
87.4
|
1.342
|
| carbon tetrachloride |
76.8 |
55.7 |
79.4
|
1.322
|
| ethyl bromide |
38.4 |
35.0 |
95.5 |
|
| n-propyl chloride |
46.6 |
40.5 |
90.5 |
|
| isopropyl chloride |
36.4 |
33.4 |
94 |
|
| n-propyl bromide |
71.0 |
54.5 |
79 |
|
| isopropyl bromide |
59.8 |
48.6 |
85.0 |
|
| isopropyl iodide |
89.4 |
61.0 |
62 |
|
| trichloroethylene[6] |
87.2 |
60.2 |
64 |
|
| tetrachloroethylene[16] |
121.1 |
63.5 |
40.6 |
|
| trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC 113)[6] |
47.7 |
39.9 |
94 |
|
| with various other solvents
|
| nitromethane |
101.2 |
64.6 |
9 |
|
| acetone |
56.5 |
55.7 |
87.9
|
0.796
|
| acetonitrile |
82.0 |
63.45 |
19.0 |
|
| carbon disulfide |
46.2 |
37.7 |
86.0
U 50.8
L 97.2 |
U 0.979
L 1.261
|
| isopropyl alcohol[6] |
82.5 |
64.0 |
20 |
|
tetrahydrofuran[18]
P = 984 mBar |
65.6 |
60.7 |
69.0 |
|
| 2-methyltetrahydrofuran[12]
|
80.2
|
62.7
|
43
|
|
| MTBE[19]
|
55
|
51.3
|
68.6
|
|
|
Binary azeotropes of n-propanol, b.p.=97.2 °C
| 2nd Component |
b.p. of
comp. (˚C) |
b.p. of
mixture (˚C) |
% by
weight |
spef.
grav
|
| with various solvents
|
| methyl butyrate |
102.7 |
94.4 |
51 |
|
| n-propyl formate |
80.8 |
80.65 |
97 |
|
| n-propyl acetate |
101.6 |
94.7 |
49
|
0.833
|
| benzene |
80.2 |
77.1 |
83.1 |
|
| toluene |
110.8 |
92.4 |
47.5
|
0.836
|
| n-hexane |
68.9 |
65.7 |
96 |
|
| carbon tetrachloride |
76.8 |
73.1 |
88.5
|
1.437
|
| ethylene chloride |
83.7 |
80.7 |
81 |
|
| n-propyl bromide |
71.0 |
69.7 |
91 |
|
| 2-methyltetrahydrofuran[12]
|
80.2
|
79.5
|
99
|
|
Binary azeotropes of acetic acid, b.p.=118.5 °C
| 2nd Component |
b.p. of
comp. (˚C) |
b.p. of
mixture (˚C) |
% by
weight |
spef.
grav
|
| with various solvents
|
| benzene |
80.2 |
80.05 |
98
|
0.882
|
| cyclohexane[6] |
80.8 |
79.7 |
98 |
|
| toluene |
110.8 |
105.0 |
72
|
0.905
|
| m-xylene |
139.0 |
115.4 |
27.5
|
0.908
|
| mesitylene[20] |
164.6 |
118 |
3.6 |
|
| n-heptane |
98.5 |
92.3 |
70 |
|
| n-octane |
125.8 |
109.0 |
50 |
|
| isopropyl iodide |
89.2 |
88.3 |
91 |
|
| carbon tetrachloride |
76.8 |
76.6 |
97 |
|
| tetrachloroethylene |
121.0 |
107.4 |
61.5 |
|
| ethylene bromide |
131.7 |
114.4 |
45 |
|
| 1,1-dibromoethane |
109.5 |
103.7 |
75.0 |
|
| methylene bromide |
98.2 |
94.8 |
84.0 |
|
| pyridine |
115.3 |
139.7 |
65.0
|
1.024
|
|
Binary azeotropes of Isopropyl alcohol, b.p.=82.5 °C
| 2nd Component |
b.p. of
comp. (˚C) |
b.p. of
mixture (˚C) |
% by
weight |
spef.
grav
|
| with various esters
|
| ethyl acetate |
77.1 |
75.3 |
75
|
0.869
|
| isopropyl acetate |
91.0 |
81.3 |
40
|
0.822
|
| with various hydrocarbons
|
| benzene |
80.2 |
71.9 |
66.7
|
0.838
|
| toluene ‡[15] |
110.8 |
80.6 |
42 |
|
| cyclohexane |
80.7 |
68.6 |
67.0 |
0.777
|
| n-pentane |
36.2 |
35.5 |
94 |
|
| n-hexane |
68.9 |
62.7 |
77 |
|
| n-heptane |
98.5 |
76.3 |
46 |
|
| with various alkyl halides
|
| carbon tetrachloride |
76.8 |
69.0 |
82
|
1.344
|
| chloroform |
61.1 |
60.8 |
95.8 |
|
| ethylene chloride |
83.7 |
74.7 |
56.5 |
|
| ethyl iodide |
83.7 |
67.1 |
85 |
|
| n-propyl chloride |
46.7 |
46.4 |
97.2 |
|
| n-propyl bromide |
71.0 |
66.8 |
79.5 |
|
| isopropyl bromide |
59.8 |
57.8 |
88 |
|
| n-propyl iodide |
102.4 |
79.8 |
58 |
|
| isopropyl iodide |
89.4 |
76.0 |
68 |
|
| tetrachloroethylene[15] |
121.1 |
81.7 |
19.0 |
|
| with various other solvents
|
| methyl ethyl ketone |
79.0 |
77.5 |
68
|
0.800
|
| diisopropyl ether |
69 |
66.2 |
85.9 |
|
| nitromethane |
101.0 |
79.3 |
70 |
|
| 2-methyltetrahydrofuran[12]
|
80.2
|
77
|
82
|
|
‡ CRC and Lange's disagree on this azeotrope, but web source corroborates CRC
|
| 2nd Component |
b.p. of
comp. (˚C) |
b.p. of
mixture (˚C) |
% by
weight |
spef.
grav
|
| with various hydrocarbons
|
| benzene |
80.2 |
71.7 |
69 |
|
| toluene |
110.8 |
85.8 |
50 |
|
| m-xylene |
139.0 |
94.2 |
29.8 |
|
| m-xylene[3][14] |
139.0 |
92.8 |
28.2 |
|
| o-xylene[3] |
143.6 |
95.5 |
26 |
|
| p-xylene[3] |
138.4 |
~95 |
30.0 |
|
| n-pentane |
36.2 |
34.2 |
90 |
|
| n-hexane |
68.9 |
60.6 |
72 |
|
| n-heptane |
98.5 |
78.2 |
56.5 |
|
| n-octane |
125.8 |
90.5 |
37 |
|
| with various alkyl halides
|
| chloroform |
61.2 |
59.2 |
85 |
|
| carbon tetrachloride |
76.8 |
66.7 |
81.5 |
|
| methyl iodide |
42.6 |
42.1 |
94 |
|
| ethyl bromide |
38.4 |
38.2 |
97 |
|
| ethylene chloride |
83.6 |
77.4 |
86 |
|
| ethylene bromide |
131.7 |
94.7 |
48.5 |
|
| n-propyl chloride |
46.7 |
45.6 |
92 |
|
| isopropyl chloride |
34.8 |
34.7 |
98.5 |
|
| n-propyl bromide |
71.0 |
64.7 |
73 |
|
| isopropyl bromide |
59.4 |
56.0 |
86 |
|
| with various other solvents
|
| carbon disulfide |
46.3 |
42.6 |
83 |
|
Binary azeotropes of benzene, b.p.=80.1 °C
| 2nd Component |
b.p. of
comp. (˚C) |
b.p. of
mixture (˚C) |
% by
weight |
spef.
grav
|
| cyclohexane |
80.74 |
77.8 |
45.0
|
0.834
|
| ethyl nitrate |
88.7 |
80.03 |
12.0 |
|
| methyl ethyl ketone |
79.6 |
78.4 |
37.5
|
0.853
|
| nitromethane |
101.0 |
79.15 |
14.0 |
|
| acetonitrile |
82.0 |
73.0 |
34.0 |
|
| n-heptane[6] |
98.5 |
80.0 |
1 |
|
|
Binary azeotropes of ethylene glycol, b.p.=197.4 °C
| 2nd Component |
b.p. of
comp. (˚C) |
b.p. of
mixture (˚C) |
% by
weight |
spef.
grav
|
| with various solvents
|
| ethyl benzoate |
212.6 |
186.1 |
53.5 |
|
| diphenyl |
254.9 |
192.0 |
36 |
|
| mesitylene |
164.6 |
156.0 |
87 |
|
| naphthalene |
218.1 |
183.9 |
49 |
|
| toluene |
110.8 |
110.2 |
93.5 |
|
| m-xylene |
139.0 |
135.6 |
85 |
|
| o-xylene |
144.4 |
139.6 |
84.0 |
|
| ethylene bromide |
131.7 |
129.8 |
96 |
|
| nitrobenzene |
210.9 |
185.9 |
41 |
|
| chlorobenzene |
132.0 |
130.1 |
5.6 |
|
| benzyl chloride |
179.3 |
167.0 |
70 |
|
| benzyl alcohol |
205.1 |
193.1 |
44 |
|
| anisole |
153.9 |
150.5 |
89.5 |
|
| acetophenone |
202.1 |
185.7 |
48 |
|
| aniline |
184.4 |
180.6 |
76 |
|
| o-cresol |
191.1 |
189.6 |
73 |
|
Binary azeotropes of glycerol, b.p.=291.0 °C
| 2nd Component |
b.p. of
comp. (˚C) |
b.p. of
mixture (˚C) |
% by
weight |
spef.
grav
|
| diphenyl |
254.9 |
243.8 |
45 |
|
| naphthalene |
218.1 |
215.2 |
90 |
|
Binary azeotropes of acetone, b.p.=56.5 °C
| 2nd Component |
b.p. of
comp. (˚C) |
b.p. of
mixture (˚C) |
% by
weight |
spef.
grav
|
| carbon disulfide |
46.3 |
39.3 |
67.0
|
1.04
|
| chloroform |
61.2 |
64.7 |
80.0
|
1.268
|
| cyclohexane |
80.74 |
53.0 |
33.0 |
|
| n-hexane |
68.8 |
49.8 |
41 |
|
| ethyl iodide |
56.5 |
55.0 |
40.0 |
|
| carbon tetrachloride[15] |
76.8 |
56.2 |
11.9 |
|
|
Miscellaneous azeotrope pairs
| component 1 |
b.p.
comp. 1 (˚C) |
component 2 |
b.p.
comp. 2 (˚C) |
|
b.p.
azeo. (˚C) |
% wt
comp. 1 |
% wt
comp. 2 |
spec.
grav.
|
| acetaldehyde
|
21.0
|
diethyl ether
|
34.6
|
|
20.5
|
76.0
|
24.0
|
0.762
|
| n-butane[15] |
–0.5 |
–7.0 |
16.0 |
84.0 |
|
| acetamide
|
222.0
|
benzaldehyde |
179.5 |
178.6 |
6.5 |
93.5 |
|
| nitrobenzene |
210.9 |
202.0 |
24.0 |
76.0 |
|
| o-xylene |
144.1 |
142.6 |
11.0 |
89.0 |
|
| acetonitrile
|
82.0
|
ethyl acetate |
77.15 |
74.8 |
23.0 |
77.0 |
|
| toluene[16] |
110.6 |
81.1 |
76.0 |
24.0 |
|
| acetylene |
–86.6 |
ethane |
–88.3 |
–94.5 |
40.7 |
59.3 |
|
| aniline |
184.4 |
o-cresol |
191.5 |
191.3 |
8.0 |
92.0 |
|
| carbon disulfide
|
46.2
|
diethyl ether |
34.6 |
34.4 |
1.0 |
99.0
|
0.719
|
| 1,1-dichloroethane |
57.2 |
46.0 |
94.0 |
6.0 |
|
| methyl ethyl ketone |
79.6 |
45.9 |
84.7 |
15.3 |
1.157
|
| ethyl acetate[6] |
77.1 |
46.1 |
97 |
3 |
|
| methyl acetate[6] |
57.0 |
40.2 |
73 |
27 |
|
| chloroform |
61.2 |
methyl ethyl ketone |
79.6 |
79.9 |
17.0 |
83.0
|
0.877
|
| n-hexane |
68.7 |
60.0 |
72.0 |
28.0 |
1.101
|
| carbon tetrachloride
|
76.8
|
methyl ethyl ketone |
79.9 |
73.8 |
71.0 |
29.0 |
1.247
|
| ethylene dichloride |
84.0 |
75.3 |
78.0 |
22.0 |
1.500
|
| ethyl acetate |
77.1 |
74.8 |
57.0 |
43.0 |
1.202
|
| cyclohexane
|
80.74
|
ethyl acetate |
77.15 |
72.8 |
46.0 |
54.0 |
|
| ethyl nitrate |
88.7 |
74.5 |
64.0 |
36.0 |
|
| diethyl ether |
34.6 |
methyl formate |
31.50 |
28.2 |
44.0 |
56.0 |
|
| methylene chloride[5] |
40 |
40.8 |
30 |
70 |
|
| nitromethane |
101.0 |
toluene |
110.8 |
96.5 |
55.0 |
45.0 |
|
| tetrahydrofuran[18]
|
65.6
|
chloroform |
61.2 |
72.5 |
34.5 |
65.5 |
|
| n-hexane |
69 |
63.0 |
46.5 |
53.5 |
|
| toluene |
110.63 |
pyridine |
115.3 |
110.2 |
78.0 |
22.0 |
|
| 2-methyltetrahydrofuran[12]
|
80.2
|
none
|
-
|
-
|
|
| propylene glycol[21]
|
188.2
|
aniline |
184.4 |
179.5 |
43 |
57 |
|
| o-xylene |
144.4 |
135.8 |
10 |
90 |
|
| toluene |
110.6 |
110.5 |
1.5 |
98.5 |
|
Ternary azeotropes
Tables of various ternary azeotropes (that is azeotropes consisting of three components). Fraction percentages are given by weight.
| Data source color code
|
| CRC & Lange's
|
CRC only
|
Lange's only
|
other (see references)
|
Ternary azeotropes of water, b.p.=100 °C
| 2nd component |
b.p.
2nd comp. (˚C) |
3rd component |
b.p.
3rd comp. (˚C) |
|
b.p.
azeo. (˚C) |
% wt
1st |
% wt
2nd |
% wt
3rd |
spec.
grav
|
| ethanol
|
78.4 |
ethyl acetate |
77.1
|
|
70.3 |
7.8 |
9.0 |
83.2
|
0.901
|
| cyclohexane |
80.8 |
62.1 |
7 |
17 |
76 |
|
| benzene |
80.2 |
64.9 |
7.4
U 1.3
L 43.1 |
18.5
U 12.7
L 52.1 |
74.1
U 86.0
L 4.8
|
U 0.866
L 0.892
|
| chloroform |
61.2 |
55.5 |
3.5
U 80.8
L 0.5 |
4.0
U 18.2
L 3.7 |
92.5
U 1.0
L 95.8
|
U 0.976
L 1.441
|
| carbon tetrachloride
|
86.8
|
61.8
|
4.3
|
9.7
|
86.0 |
|
3.4
U 44.5
L <0.1 |
10.3
U 48.5
L 5.2 |
86.3
U 7.0
L 94.8
|
U 0.935
L 1.519
|
| ethylene chloride |
83.7 |
66.7 |
5 |
17 |
78 |
|
| acetonitrile |
82.0 |
72.9 |
1.0 |
55.0 |
44.0 |
|
| toluene |
110.6 |
74.4 |
12.0
U 3.1
L 20.7 |
37.0
U 15.6
L 54.8 |
51.0
U 81.3
L 24.5 |
U 0.849
L 0.855
|
| methyl ethyl ketone |
79.6 |
73.2 |
11.0 |
14.0 |
75.0 |
0.832
|
| n-hexane |
69.0 |
56.0 |
3.0
U 0.5
L 19.0 |
12.0
U 3.0
L 75.0 |
85.0
U 96.5
L 6.0
|
U 0.672
L 0.833
|
| n-heptane |
98.4 |
68.8 |
6.1
U 0.2
L 15.0 |
33.0
U 5.0
L 75.9 |
60.9
U 94.8
L 9.1 |
U 0.686
L 0.801
|
| carbon disulfide |
46.2 |
41.3 |
1.6 |
5.0 |
93.4 |
|
| n-propanol
|
97.2
|
cyclohexane |
80.8 |
66.6 |
8.5 |
10.0 |
81.5 |
|
| benzene |
80.2 |
68.5 |
8.6 |
9.0 |
82.4 |
|
| carbon tetrachloride |
76.8 |
65.4 |
5
U 84.9
L 1.0 |
11
U 15.0
L 11.0 |
84
U 0.1
L 88.0
|
U 0.979
L 1.436
|
| diethyl ketone |
102.2 |
81.2 |
20 |
20 |
60 |
|
| n-propyl acetate |
101.6 |
82.2 |
21.0 |
19.5 |
59.5 |
|
| Isopropyl alcohol
|
82.5
|
cyclohexane
|
80.8
|
64.3
|
7.5
|
18.5
|
74.0 |
|
| 66.1
|
7.5
|
21.5
|
71.0 |
|
| benzene
|
80.2
|
66.5
|
7.5
|
18.7
|
73.8 |
|
| 65.7 |
8.2
U 2.3
L 85.1 |
19.8
U 20.2
L 14.4 |
72.0
U 77.5
L 0.5 |
U 0.855
L 0.966
|
| methyl ethyl ketone |
79.6 |
73.4 |
11.0 |
1.0 |
88.0 |
0.834
|
| toluene |
110.6 |
76.3 |
13.1
U 8.5
L 61.0 |
38.2
U 38.2
L 38.0 |
48.7
U 53.3
L 1.0 |
U 0.845
L 0.930
|
| allyl alcohol
|
97.0
|
n-hexane |
69.0 |
59.7 |
5
U 0.5
L 64.4 |
5
U 3.6
L 34.8 |
90
U 95.9
L 0.8
|
U 0.668
L 0.964
|
| benzene |
80.2 |
68.2 |
8.6
U 0.6
L 80.9 |
9.2
U 8.7
L 17.7 |
82.2
U 90.7
L 0.4
|
U 0.877
L 0.985
|
| cyclohexane |
80.8 |
66.2 |
8 |
11 |
81 |
|
| carbon tetrachloride |
76.8 |
65.2 |
5
U 71.7
L 0.8 |
11
U 25.6
L 10.1 |
84
U 2.7
L 89.1
|
U 0.777
L 1.464
|
| benzene
|
80.1
|
acetonitrile
|
82.0
|
66.0
|
8.2
|
68.5
|
23.3 |
|
| methyl ethyl ketone |
79.6 |
68.2 |
8.8
U 0.6
L 94.7 |
65.1
U 71.3
L 0.1 |
26.1
U 28.1
L 5.2 |
U 0.858
L 0.992
|
| methyl ethyl ketone
|
79.6
|
carbon tetrachloride
|
76.8
|
65.7
|
3.0
U 94.4
L 0.1
|
22.2
U 5.5
L 22.6
|
74.8
U 0.1
L 77.3
|
U 0.993
L 1.313
|
| cyclohexane |
81.0 |
63.6 |
5.0
U 0.6
L 89.9 |
60.0
U 37.0
L 10.0 |
35.0
U 62.4
L 0.1 |
U 0.769
L 0.98
|
| chloroform
|
61.2
|
methanol
|
64.65
|
52.6
|
4.0
U 27.0
L 3.0
|
81.0
U 32.0
L 83.0
|
15.0
U 41.0
L 14.0
|
U 1.022
L 1.399
|
| acetone‡
|
56.5
|
60.4
|
4.0
|
57.6
|
38.4 |
|
‡Saddle azeotrope
Ternary azeotropes of methanol, b.p.=64.65 °C
| 2nd component |
b.p.
2nd comp. (˚C) |
3rd component |
b.p.
3rd comp. (˚C) |
|
b.p.
azeo. (˚C) |
% wt
1st |
% wt
2nd |
% wt
3rd |
spec.
grav
|
| acetone
|
56.5
|
chloroform‡
|
61.2
|
|
57.5
|
23.0
|
30.0
|
47.0
|
|
| methyl acetate |
57.0 |
53.7 |
17.4 |
5.8 |
76.8 |
0.898
|
| cyclohexane |
81.4 |
51.5 |
16.0 |
43.5 |
40.5 |
|
| methyl acetate
|
57.1
|
carbon disulfide
|
46.2
|
37.0
|
|
|
|
|
| cyclohexane |
81.4 |
50.8 |
17.8 |
48.6 |
33.6 |
|
| n-hexane |
69.0 |
45.0 |
14.0 |
27.0 |
59.0 |
0.73
|
‡Saddle azeotrope
References
- ^ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. pp. 1496–1505
- ^ CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed. pp. 2143–2184
- ^ a b c d e Lee H. Horsley, ed. (1 June 1973). Azeotropic Data—III. Advances in Chemistry Series No. 166. Vol. 116. American Chemical Society. doi:10.1021/ba-1973-0116. ISBN 9780841201668.
- ^ "Azeotrope Databank".
- ^ a b c d e "What is an Azeotrope?". B/R Corporation. Archived from the original on 24 April 2007. Retrieved 24 March 2007.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l John Durkee (November 2000). "Binary Organic Azeotropes Useful for Solvent Cleaning" (PDF). metalfinishing.com. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
- ^ a b
Hilmen, Eva-Katrine (November 2000). "Separation of Azeotropic Mixtures: Tools for Analysis and Studies on Batch Distillation Operation" (PDF). Norwegian University of Science and Technology, dept. of Chemical Engineering. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2004. Retrieved 24 March 2007.
- ^ Composition of Vapors from Boiling Binary Solutions J. J. Conti, D. F. Othmer, Roger Gilmont. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1960, 5 (3), pp. 301–307 doi:10.1021/je60007a019
- ^ US4826576A, Berg, Lloyd & Yeh, An-I., "Separation of isopropyl acetate from isopropanol by extractive distillation", issued 2 May 1989
- ^ a b c "Zeon Corporation" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
- ^ "Modeling and optimization of pressure distillation to achieve pharma-grade THF".
- ^ a b c d e f "MeTHF training presentation" (PDF). Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ Merck Index of Chemicals and Drugs, 9th ed. monograph 4653
- ^ a b Reinders, W.; de Minjer, C. H. (3 September 2010). "Vapour-liquid equilibria in ternary systems. V. The system water-formic acid-metaxylene". Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas. 66 (9): 564–572. doi:10.1002/recl.19470660905.
- ^ a b c d e f Ponton, Jack (September 2001). "Azeotrope Databank". The Edinburgh Collection of Open Software for Simulation and Education, University of Edinburgh. Archived from the original (Queriable database) on 24 April 2007. Retrieved 24 March 2007.
- ^ a b c "Binary Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data" (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center.
- ^ Rumble, John (2020). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (101 ed.). Taylor & Francis Group.
- ^ a b "Tetrahydrofuran (THF) Storage and Handling" (PDF). BASF. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2005. Retrieved 24 May 2007.
- ^ CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (90th ed.).
- ^ US US2530325, Carl S Carlson, "Azeotropic distillation of mesitylene from isophorone", published 14 November 1950, issued 14 November 1950
- ^ "1,2-Propanediol". ChemIndustry.ru. Archived from the original on 21 December 2007. Retrieved 28 December 2007.