The American Civil War Portal

Chain Bridge (Potomac River)
Chain Bridge (Potomac River)

The American Civil War (18611865) was a sectional rebellion against the United States of America by the Confederate States, formed of eleven southern states' governments which moved to secede from the Union after the 1860 election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States. The Union's victory was eventually achieved by leveraging advantages in population, manufacturing and logistics and through a strategic naval blockade denying the Confederacy access to the world's markets.

In many ways, the conflict's central issues – the enslavement of African Americans, the role of constitutional federal government, and the rights of states  – are still not completely resolved. Not surprisingly, the Confederate army's surrender at Appomattox on April 9,1865 did little to change many Americans' attitudes toward the potential powers of central government. The passage of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments to the Constitution in the years immediately following the war did not change the racial prejudice prevalent among Americans of the day; and the process of Reconstruction did not heal the deeply personal wounds inflicted by four brutal years of war and more than 970,000 casualties – 3 percent of the population, including approximately 560,000 deaths. As a result, controversies affected by the war's unresolved social, political, economic and racial tensions continue to shape contemporary American thought. The causes of the war, the reasons for the outcome, and even the name of the war itself are subjects of much discussion even today. (Full article)

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The statue in 2007

Robert E. Lee on Traveller (also known as General Robert E. Lee and Confederate Soldier, and Robert E. Lee and Young Soldier) is a bronze sculpture by Alexander Phimister Proctor depicting the Confederate general of the same name, his horse Traveller, and a young Confederate States Army officer, formerly installed at Dallas' Turtle Creek Park, in the U.S. state of Texas. The statue was unveiled by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936, removed in 2017, and sold by the city for $1,435,000 to a law firm. It now stands on a Texan golf course. (Full article...)

   Grand Parade of the States

Texas declared its secession from the Union on February 1, 1861, and joined the Confederate States on March 2, 1861, after it had replaced its governor, Sam Houston, who had refused to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy. As with those of other states, the Declaration of Secession was not recognized by the US government at Washington, DC. Some Texan military units fought in the Civil War east of the Mississippi River, but Texas was more useful for supplying soldiers and horses for the Confederate Army. Texas' supply role lasted until mid-1863, when Union gunboats started to control the Mississippi River, which prevented large transfers of men, horses, or cattle. Some cotton was sold in Mexico, but most of the crop became useless because of the Union's naval blockade of Galveston, Houston, and other ports. (Full article...)

Crosshatch portrait, based on an 1890 gelatin silver print by Edward Bierstadt

Elliott Fitch Shepard (July 25, 1833 – March 24, 1893) was a New York lawyer, banker, and owner of the Mail and Express newspaper, as well as a founder and president of the New York State Bar Association. Shepard was married to Margaret Louisa Vanderbilt, who was the granddaughter of philanthropist, business magnate, and family patriarch Cornelius Vanderbilt. Shepard's Briarcliff Manor residence Woodlea and the Scarborough Presbyterian Church, which he founded nearby, are contributing properties to the Scarborough Historic District.

Shepard was born in Jamestown, New York, one of three sons of the president of a banknote-engraving company. He graduated from the University of the City of New York in 1855, and practiced law for about 25 years. During the American Civil War, Shepard was a Union Army recruiter and subsequently earned the rank of colonel. He was later a founder and benefactor of several institutions and banks. When Shepard moved to the Briarcliff Manor hamlet of Scarborough-on-Hudson, he founded the Scarborough Presbyterian Church and built Woodlea; the house and its land are now part of Sleepy Hollow Country Club. (Full article...)

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The West Tennessee Raids
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James Ashby (soldier) Bluffton expedition Benjamin D. Fearing Charles A. Hickman Richard Henry Jackson James B. Speers Charles S. Steedman Battle of Barton's Station Lawrence P. Graham Thomas John Lucas Daniel Henry Rucker James Hughes Stokes Frederick S. Sturmbaugh Davis Tillson Action at Nineveh (currently a redirect) International response to the American Civil War Spain and the American Civil War Savannah Campaign Confederate order of battle Native Americans in the American Civil War (currently disambiguation after deletion) 1st Battalion, Mississippi Mounted Rifles (Union) Battle of Lafayette Requested American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients
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Battle of Boonsborough Battle of Guard Hill Battle of Rice's Station Battle of Simmon's Bluff Battle of Summit Point Charleston Arsenal Edenton Bell Battery First Battle of Dalton Blackshear Prison Edwin Forbes Hiram B. Granbury Henry Thomas Harrison Louis Hébert (colonel) Benjamin G. Humphreys Maynard Carbine Hezekiah G. Spruill Smith carbine Edward C. Walthall Confederate States Secretary of the Navy Confederate States Secretary of the Treasury David Henry Williams Battle of Rome Cross Roads Delaware in the American Civil War Ironclad Board United States Military Railroad Kansas in the American Civil War Rufus Daggett Ebenezer Magoffin Confederate Quartermaster-General's Department First Corps, Army of Northern Virginia Francis Laurens Vinton Henry Maury Other American Civil War battle stubs Other American Civil War stubs
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Battle of Lone Jack Preston Pond, Jr. Melancthon Smith
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1st Regiment New York Mounted Rifles and 7th Regiment New York Volunteer Cavalry
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1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment (Union) 4th Maine Battery 33rd Ohio Infantry 110th New York Volunteer Infantry Battle of Hatcher's Run Camp Dennison Confederate colonies CSS Resolute Dakota War of 1862 Florida in the American Civil War Ethan A. Hitchcock (general) Fort Harker (Alabama) Gettysburg (1993 film) Iowa in the American Civil War Second Battle of Fort Sumter Samuel Benton
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