Fake news websites are those which intentionally, but not necessarily solely, publish hoaxes and disinformation for purposes other than news satire. Some of these sites use homograph spoofing attacks, typosquatting and other deceptive strategies similar to those used in phishing attacks to resemble genuine news outlets.[1][2][3]

Definition

Fake news sites deliberately publish hoaxes and disinformation to drive web traffic inflamed by social media.[4][5][6] These sites are distinguished from news satire (which is usually intended to be humorous) as they mislead and sometimes profit from readers' gullibility.[5] While most fake news sites are portrayed to be spinoffs of other news sites, some of these websites are examples of website spoofing, structured to make visitors believe they are visiting major news outlets like ABC News or MSNBC.[7] The New York Times pointed out that within a strict definition, "fake news" on the Internet referred to a fictitious article which was fabricated with the deliberate motivation to defraud readers, generally with the goal of profiting through clickbait.[8] PolitiFact described fake news as fabricated content designed to fool readers and subsequently made viral through the Internet to crowds that increase its dissemination.[9]

The New York Times noted in a December 2016 article that fake news had previously maintained a presence on the Internet and within tabloid journalism in the years prior to the 2016 U.S. election.[8] Except for the 2016 Philippine elections,[10] prior to the election between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, fake news had not impacted the election process and subsequent events to such a high degree.[8] Subsequent to the 2016 election, the issue of fake news turned into a political weapon, with supporters of left-wing politics saying those on the opposite side of the spectrum spread falsehoods, and supporters of right-wing politics arguing such accusations were merely a way to censor conservative views.[8] Due to these back-and-forth complaints, the definition of fake news as used for such polemics became more vague.[8]

List

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
16WMPO[.]com 16WMPO[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
20minuts[.]com 20minuts[.]com Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs the French newspaper 20 minutes. [12]
24 News 24usnews[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
24online[.]news 24online[.]news Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
70 News 70news[.]wordpress[.]com A WordPress-hosted site that published a false news story, stating that Donald Trump had won the popular vote in the 2016 United States presidential election; the fake story rose to the top in searches for "final election results" on Google News. [14]

[15]

ABCnews.com.co ABCnews[.]com[.]co Defunct Owned by Paul Horner. Mimics the URL, design and logo of ABC News (owned by Disney–ABC Television Group). [16]

[17]

addustuor[.]com addustuor[.]com Spoof of Addustour. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
Aisa Korea aisakorea[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
All City Times allcitytimes[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
xn--aljaeera-4t0d[.]net xn--aljaeera-4t0d[.]net Spoofing of Al Jazeera. Likely part of an active measures campaign by the Russian government in 2017. Also part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3][18]
al-jazirah[.]org al-jazirah[.]org Spoof of Al Jazeera. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
al-shargh[.]com al-shargh[.]com Spoof of Al Sharq. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
al-watan[.]co al-watan[.]co Spoof of Al-Watan. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
AlabamaObserver[.]com AlabamaObserver[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
alarabyia[.]org alarabyia[.]org Spoof of Al Arabiya. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
alettehad[.]net alettehad[.]net Spoof of Al-Ittihad. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
aliraq-news[.]com aliraq-news[.]com Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
aljlazeera[.]com aljlazeera[.]com Spoof of Al Jazeera. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
xn--alnaaregypt-cm8e[.]com xn--alnaaregypt-cm8e[.]com Spoof of Al-Nahar. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
alryiadh[.]com alryiadh[.]com Spoof of Al Riyadh. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
alwatannewspaper[.]net alwatannewspaper[.]net Spoof of Al-Watan. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
American News americannews[.]com Published a false story claiming actor Denzel Washington endorsed Donald Trump for president. The fictional headline led to thousands of people sharing it on Facebook, a prominent example of fake news spreading on the social network prior to the 2016 presidential election. [19]

[20][21]

Anna Times annatimes[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
ansa[.]ltd ansa[.]ltd Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs ANSA. [22][12]
xn--arab21-6va[.]com xn--arab21-6va[.]com Spoof of Arabi21. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
theatlatnic[.]com theatlatnic[.]com Spoofing of The Atlantic. Likely part of an active measures campaign by the Russian government in 2017. Also part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3][18]
Aurora-News[.]us Aurora-News[.]us Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
Austria Weekly austriaweekly[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
Avisindependent[.]eu Avisindependent[.]eu Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. [12]
banned.video banned.video Warned by the US Food and Drug Administration for spreading misinformation on COVID-19 for "claims on videos posted on your websites that establish the intended use of your products and misleadingly represent them as safe and/or effective for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19." [23]
bbc-arabic[.]com bbc-arabic[.]com Spoof of BBC Arabic. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
Before It's News beforeitsnews[.]com Before It's News and InfoWars were described as "unabashedly unhinged 'news' sites" in 2014 by The Washington Post following its promotion of conspiracy theories relating to Malaysia Airlines Flight 17. [24][25][26]
belfercenter[.]net belfercenter[.]net Spoof of Belfer Center. Falsely claims that Avigdor Lieberman was fired by Benjamin Netanyahu in 2018 for being a Russian agent. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
bients.com bients.com Often spreading fake stories, often of political nature. [27]
bild[.]asia bild[.]asia Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Imitates Bild. [22][12]
bild[.]eu[.]com bild[.]eu[.]com Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Imitates Bild. [22][12]
Bild[.]llc Bild[.]llc Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Imitates Bild. [22][12]
Bild[.]pics Bild[.]pics Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Imitates Bild. [22][12]
bild[.]vip bild[.]vip Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Imitates Bild. [22][12]
bild[.]work bild[.]work Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Imitates Bild. [22][12]
bild[.]ws bild[.]ws Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Imitates Bild. [22][12]
Bipartisan Report bipartisanreport[.]com Once describing itself at "the internet's largest newspaper", its content is written from a heavily liberal-biased perspective. It has been described as a clickbait and fake news website by Danny Westneat of The Seattle Times, and its articles have been debunked by PolitiFact and Snopes. [28][29][30][31][32][26]
bistonglobe[.]com bistonglobe[.]com Imitates The Boston Globe. [33][34]
bizstandardnews.com bizstandardnews[.]com Defunct Its stories have been mistaken as real-news then shared and cited as real-news. A disclaimer says the stories "could be true" because "reality is so strange nowadays". But the disclaimer also says it is "a satirical site designed to parody the 24-hour news cycle."[35]

Its name is similar to the unrelated Indian English-language daily newspaper called Business Standard.

 [36][37][38][39][40][41]
Bloomberg.market Bloomberg[.]market Defunct Designed to imitate Bloomberg.com. Was used to issue a false report announcing that Twitter had received a US$31 billion takeover offer, resulting in a brief 8% stock price spike of Twitter. The site is now defunct. [42][43]
bloomberq[.]com bloomberq[.]com Spoof of Bloomberg.com. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
The Boston Tribune thebostontribune[.]com Starting in February 2016, this website spread outright hoaxes. [44]
Breaking-CNN.com Breaking-CNN[.]com Responsible for publishing numerous death hoaxes, including one for former First Lady Barbara Bush one day after her announcement that she would halt all further medical treatment in 2018. Designed to emulate CNN. [45]
braekingisraelnews[.]com braekingisraelnews[.]com Spoof of Breaking Israel News. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
breakingisraelnews[.]net breakingisraelnews[.]net Spoof of Breaking Israel News. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
BreakingNews247[.]net BreakingNews247[.]net Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
BreakingNews365[.]net BreakingNews365[.]net Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
brusslestimes[.]com brusslestimes[.]com Spoof of The Brussels Times. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
budapestbaecon[.]com budapestbaecon[.]com Spoof of The Budapest Beacon. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
bundesergierung[.]de bundesergierung[.]de Spoof of the official Bundesregierung website. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
Buffalo Chronicle buffalochronicle[.]com An American fake news website that has promoted fake stories related to Canadian politics. [46][47]
BVA News BVAnews[.]com Pro-Trump website reportedly developed by a Macedonian teenager in 2016. [48][49]
xn--c-wpma[.]com xn--c-wpma[.]com Spoof of CNN. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
Cairns News (Australia) cairnsnews[.]org Antivaxx propaganda that falsely claimed that two young girls died after receiving a COVID-19 vaccination on the Gold Coast, Australia.[50] [51]
Celebtricity celebtricity[.]com Has falsely claimed that Barack Obama declared a state of emergency in Chicago, Illinois after more than 300 people were shot in one night; that a Wendy's employee put vaginal discharge on a burger as revenge against a partner; and that Bryshere Y. Gray was Jay-Z's son. Contains a "notorious fauxtire and satire entertainment" disclaimer which used to read "the most notorious urban satirical entertainment website in the world".[52] [53][52][54]
CBSnews.com.co CBSnews[.]com[.]co Owned by Paul Horner. Mimics the URL, design and logo of CBS News.
Charm Daily charmdaily[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
Channel18News[.]com Channel18News[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
Channel24news[.]com Channel24news[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
chicagotribunesnews[.]com chicagotribunesnews[.]com Imitates the Chicago Tribune. [33][34]
ChristianTimesNewspaper[.]com ChristianTimesNewspaper[.]com Impostor site for Christian Times. Falsely claimed voter fraud on behalf of Hillary Clinton. [11][55]
CivicTribune[.]com CivicTribune[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
CNN-Business-News[.]ga CNN-Business-News[.]ga Impostor site of CNN [11]
cnn-trending.com cnn-trending.com Imitated CNN.com, complete with the CNN logo. Pushed the Hawking Code scam. Domain expired. [56][57]
CNNews3.com CNNews3.com Impostor site of CNN. Ran false story about HIV infection from bananas. [11]
com-news-world[.]site com-news-world[.]site Spoof of the BBC. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
com-users[.]info com-users[.]info Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
Conservative 101 conservative101[.]com Falsely claimed that the White House fired Kellyanne Conway. [19][20]
Conservative Frontline conservativefrontline[.]com Owned by Jestin Coler. [58]
cosonline[.]cn cosonline[.]cn Impostor site, per DomainTools. [33][34]
CountyNewsroom.info CountyNewsroom[.]info The fake news website, registered to Tbilisi, Georgia, makes "a minimal attempt to look official" and is used to spread malware on readers' computers. [59]
Czech Weekly czechweekly[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
dailymail[.]cam dailymail[.]cam Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Imitates The Daily Mail. [22][12]
dailymail[.]cfd dailymail[.]cfd Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Imitates The Daily Mail. [22][12]
dailymail[.]top dailymail[.]top Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Imitates The Daily Mail. [22][12]
DailyNews10[.]com DailyNews10[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
DailyNews5[.]com DailyNews5[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
Daily USA Update dailyusaupdate[.]com Falsely claimed that Scott Baio died in a plane crash. [60][61]
dawalhaq[.]com dawalhaq[.]com Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
daylisabah[.]com daylisabah[.]com Spoof of the Daily Sabah. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
delfi[.]life delfi[.]life Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. [12]
delfi[.]today delfi[.]today Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. [12]
delfi[.]top delfi[.]top Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. [12]
democraticcoalition[.]net democraticcoalition[.]net Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
DenverInquirer[.]com DenverInquirer[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
xn--etik-k54a[.]com xn--etik-k54a[.]com Spoof of Detik. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
Director Times directortimes[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
Disclose.tv Disclose[.]tv A fake news website based in Germany that started out as a UFO conspiracy forum before rebranding as a news aggregator in 2021. It promotes anti-vaccine narratives and conspiracy theories, and platforms hate speech, including Holocaust denial and neo-Nazism, on its message groups. [62][26][63][64][65][66]
Donga Daily dongadaily[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
DrudgeReport.com.co DrudgeReport[.]com[.]co Owned by Jestin Coler (mimics the name of the Drudge Report). [58]
Egypt Daily egyptdaily[.]org Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
Elec Daily elecdaily[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
elwataannews[.]com elwataannews[.]com Spoof of El Watan News. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
xn--emaraalyoum-1b9e[.]com xn--emaraalyoum-1b9e[.]com Spoof of Emarat Al Youm. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
emaratallyoum[.]com emaratallyoum[.]com Spoof of Emarat Al Youm. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
emaratalyuom[.]com emaratalyuom[.]com Spoof of Emarat Al Youm. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
Empire Herald empireherald[.]com Starting in January 2016, this fake news site had spread many of its hoaxes online in just a few weeks. [44]
Empire News empirenews[.]net Many of this website's fake news hoaxes were widely shared on social media, with stories based on social or political controversies, or were simply appalling to readers. The site says that its content is for "entertainment purposes only."[67] [16][44]
Empire Sports empiresports[.]co Includes a disclaimer describing itself as a "satirical and entertainment website".[68] Not to be confused with the legitimate (but long-defunct) Empire Sports Network. [69]
Espana Daily espanadaily[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
Eur Times eutimes[.]fr Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
Exactly News exactlynews[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
The Exposé expose-news[.]com British conspiracist website known for publishing COVID-19 and anti-vaccine misinformation. One of its articles was cited by Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro in a speech falsely claiming that people vaccinated against COVID-19 were developing AIDS. [70][71][72][73]
E.MP finance[.]austriaweekly[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
faz[.]agency faz[.]agency Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs FAZ. [22][12]
faz[.]ltd faz[.]ltd Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs FAZ. [22][12]
Finance.TZ finance[.]thaibizdaily[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
Finland Weekly finlandweekly[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
Focus on Russia automobile[.]trademarksdaily[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
foreignpoilcy[.]com foreignpoilcy[.]com Spoof of Foreign Policy. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
foriegnpolicy[.]net foriegnpolicy[.]net Spoof of Foreign Policy. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
財富台灣 caifutw[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
Fox-news24.com Fox-news24[.]com Defunct Imitates Fox News. Site currently down. [74][75]
fraiesvolk[.]com fraiesvolk[.]com Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. [12]
xn--frace24-mkb[.]com xn--frace24-mkb[.]com Spoof of France 24. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
FT Voice finance[.]thewarsawvoice[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
The Gateway Pundit thegatewaypundit[.]com A far-right fake news website that repeatedly publishes false stories, including a story involving an unsubstantiated claim that Special Counsel head Robert Mueller sexually assaulted someone. [76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84]
Global Associated News globalassociatednews[.]com Described itself as enabling users to produce fake stories using its "fake celebrity news engine". [69]
Globalresearch.ca Globalresearch[.]ca Principal website of the Centre for Research on Globalization, which The Economist in April 2017 called "a hub for conspiracy theories and fake stories," and NATO information warfare specialists in November 2017 linked to a concerted effort to undermine the credibility of mainstream Western media. [85][86]
theglobeandmail[.]org theglobeandmail[.]org Spoof of The Globe and Mail. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
Gossip Mill Mzansi gossipmillsa[.]com A fake news website using Wordpress, targeting South African affairs. Its misinformation is spread on social media including Facebook and Twitter. [87][88]
The Grayzone thegrayzone[.]com Owned by Max Blumenthal, The Grayzone is known for its sympathetic views towards contemporary authoritarian regimes such as Venezuela, Russia and China, as well as conspiracy theories such as denial of the Uyghur genocide and disinformation distributed by the Russian government. [89][90][91][92]
thaguardian[.]com thaguardian[.]com Spoof of The Guardian. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
theguaradian[.]com theguaradian[.]com Spoof of The Guardian. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
theguardian[.]co[.]com theguardian[.]co[.]com Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoof of The Guardian that falsely claims Ukraine faked civilian deaths during the Bucha massacre. [12]
xn--theguardan-4ub[.]com xn--theguardan-4ub[.]com Spoofing of The Guardian that uses an IDN homograph attack in which the "i" in the "guardian" is replaced by the Turkish character "ı". Contains fabricated quotes from John Scarlett that suggest CIA and MI6 involvement in the Rose Revolution to weaken Russia. Likely part of an active measures campaign by the Russian government in 2017. Also part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3][18]
xn--theguardia-dq2e[.]com xn--theguardia-dq2e[.]com Spoof of The Guardian. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
Guerilla News Guerillanews[.]com Falsely claimed that President Obama cancelled Peace Officers Memorial Day. [93][94]
Gummy Post gummypost[.]com Fake news website that has published claims about President Obama issuing a full pardon for convicted rapper C-Murder, musician Kodak Black getting shot outside a nightclub in Florida, and a Hulk Hogan death hoax. [95][96][97]
haaaretz[.]com haaaretz[.]com Spoof of Haaretz. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
xn--haarez-m17b[.]com xn--haarez-m17b[.]com Spoofing of Haaretz. Likely part of an active measures campaign by the Russian government in 2017. Also part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3][18]
Hani Daily hanidaily[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
Hanna Press hannapress[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
Health Latest Job News health[.]latestjobnews[.]in Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
theheraldscotland[.]com theheraldscotland[.]com Spoof of The Herald Scotland. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
香港日報 hkdaily[.]net Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
香港週報 weeklyhongkong[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
Houston Chronicle TV houstonchronicle-tv[.]com Not affiliated with the legitimate Houston Chronicle. [98][99][100]
Huabei Daily vn[.]huabeidaily[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
xn--huffngtonpost-69b[.]com xn--huffngtonpost-69b[.]com Spoof of the Huffington Post that uses an IDN homograph attack, replacing "i" with "ı". Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
Hurriyet Business hurriyetbusiness[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
Huzlers huzlers[.]com Fake news from this website often involves restaurants and leading brands to disgust readers with its gross-out stories. One story by the site falsely reported that Dong Nguyen, the creator of Flappy Bird, killed himself. Another story made up an incident where a person working at a McDonald's restaurant put his mixtapes in Happy Meals. The site describes itself as "the most infamous fauxtire & satire entertainment website in the world."[101] [44][69][102][103]
xn--ndependent-77a[.]com xn--ndependent-77a[.]com Spoof of The Independent. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
indepnedent[.]co indepnedent[.]co Typosquatting spoof of The Independent. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
InfoWars infowars[.]com Managed by Alex Jones. Has claimed that millions of people have voted illegally in the 2016 presidential election, that the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting was a hoax, that the Boston Marathon bombing was a false flag attack, and that the Democratic Party was hosting a child sex slave ring out of a pizza restaurant. [104][105]

[106][107][108][109][110][111][112][84]

Inspect News inspectnews[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
israelhayom[.]net israelhayom[.]net Spoof of Israel Hayom. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
xn--sraelinarabic-29b[.]com xn--sraelinarabic-29b[.]com Spoof of Israel in Arabic. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
xn--israelinarabi-ugb[.]com xn--israelinarabi-ugb[.]com Spoof of Israel in Arabic. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
israellinarabic[.]com israellinarabic[.]com Spoof of Israel in Arabic. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
israelnationalnews[.]co israelnationalnews[.]co Spoof of Israel National News. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
israelnationalnews[.]net israelnationalnews[.]net Spoof of Israel National News. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
Jakarta Globe jakartaglobe[.]org Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
jerusaleimonline[.]com jerusaleimonline[.]com Spoof of Jerusalem Online. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
thejerusalempost[.]org thejerusalempost[.]org Spoof of The Jerusalem Post. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
Joins Da markets[.]joinsdaily[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
Judicial Watch judicialwatch[.]org Conservative activist group known for making false and unsubstantiated claims and filing lawsuits to investigate claimed misconduct, the vast majority of which have been dismissed by courts.[113] [31][26][84][62]
KBC14[.]com KBC14[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
ΚΒΟΙ2.com ΚΒΟΙ2.com Notable for its use of the IDN homograph attack, this fake news site used lookalike letters from other scripts (news coverage of the spoof did not specify which, though the examples listed demonstrate Greek and Cyrillic examples) to spoof the legitimate television station KBOI-TV's website in 2011. (The real KBOI site has since moved to a new domain, IdahoNews.com.) The sole purpose of the fake KBOI site was to spread an April Fool's Day joke regarding Justin Bieber being banned in the state. [114][115]
KCST7[.]com KCST7[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
KF13[.]com KF13[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
KMT 11 News kmt11[.]com Defunct Falsely reports celebrity appearances and filming locations in random local towns. Before the website went down, it referred to itself as a "fantasy news website".[116][117] [118][116][117][119]
The Korea Times thekoreatimes[.]org Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
KRB7[.]com KRB7[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
krebsonsecurity[.]org krebsonsecurity[.]org Imitates Krebs on Security. [33][34]
KR Economy kreconomy[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
KR Pop Star krpopstar[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
KTY24news[.]com KTY24news[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
KY12News[.]com KY12News[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
The Last Line of Defense thelastlineofdefense[.]org This website has a history of publishing fake news articles, especially of the political genre. Notable hoaxes include Donald Trump revoking the press credentials of six major news outlets, Michelle Obama getting ditched by the Secret Service, and Hillary Clinton describing Beyoncé's music using racial slurs. Although the website claims to be written by "a group of educated, God-fearing Christian conservative patriots who are tired of Obama's tyrannical reign and ready to see a strong Republican take the White House," its articles are in fact all written by one person, Christopher Blair, who has written under multiple pen names. As of 2019, Blair's site is now branded as "Daily World Update: satire for flat-Earthers, Trumpsters and Y'all-Qaeda." [120][121][122][123]
Latest Job News latestjobnews[.]in Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
Law Enforcement Today lawenforcementtoday[.]com Published fake news about police relations amid the George Floyd protests and source of Oregon fires, as well as material by QAnon supporters.[124] [19][20][125]
Lehua Times lehuatimes[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
lesoir[.]info lesoir[.]info Spoof of Le Soir. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
Liberal Society LiberalSociety[.]com Published a fake direct quote attributed to Obama, Falsely claimed that the White House fired Kellyanne Conway. [19][20]
Liberty Writers News LibertyWritersNews[.]com Established in 2015 by Paris Wade and Ben Goldman, who told The Washington Post their stories focus on "violence and chaos and aggressive wording" to attract readers. The stories reflect the positions of supporters of Donald Trump. [126][127]
LinkBeef linkbeef[.]com Fake news website that has published claims about the pilot of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 reappearing, a billionaire wanting to recruit 1,000 women to bear his children, and an Adam Sandler death hoax. [128][129][130]
xn--telocal-xt3c[.]com xn--telocal-xt3c[.]com Spoof of The Local. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
Local31News[.]com Local31News[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
Lori Times loritimes[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
Mecha Times mechatimes[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
mesralarabiya[.]com mesralarabiya[.]com Spoof of MasrAlarabia. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
TheMiamiGazette[.]com TheMiamiGazette[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
mintpressnevvs[.]com mintpressnevvs[.]com Spoof of MintPress News. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
MIssissippiHerald[.]com MIssissippiHerald[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
Moscow TV moscowtv[.]vip Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
MV-media (formerly MV-lehti) mvlehti[.]org A Finnish fake news website that publishes disinformation, pseudoscience, conspiracy theories and Russian state propaganda. The publication has links to the far-right Soldiers of Odin. [131][132][133][134]
Naha Daily nahadaily[.]com Defunct This fake news website is now defunct, and was active in a span of five months with fake news articles, including a fake quote by Michael Kors. [44]
Nanyang Daily nanyangdaily[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
National Insider Politics nationalinsiderpolitics[.]com [135][136]
nationalepost[.]com nationalepost[.]com Spoof of National Post. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
NationalReport.net NationalReport[.]net Founder Jestin Coler told Columbia Journalism Review: "When it comes to the fake stuff, you really want it to be red meat. [...] It doesn't have to be offensive. It doesn't have to be outrageous. It doesn't have to be anything other than just giving them what they already wanted to hear." In 2013, the nonpartisan FactCheck.org deemed NationalReport.net a satirical site. The site's disclaimer states "All news articles contained within National Report are fiction, and presumably fake news. Any resemblance to the truth is purely coincidental."[137] [16][58][44][138]
xn--nationmaser-5b9e[.]com xn--nationmaser-5b9e[.]com Spoof of NationMaster. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
Natural News naturalnews[.]com Formerly NewsTarget, a website for the sale of various dietary supplements, promotion of alternative medicine, controversial nutrition and health claims, and various conspiracy theories, such as "chemtrails", chemophobic claims (including the purported dangers of fluoride in drinking water, anti-perspirants, laundry detergent, monosodium glutamate, aspartame), and purported health problems caused by allegedly "toxic" ingredients in vaccines, including the now-discredited link to autism. [139][140][141][142][84]
NBC[.]com[.]co NBC[.]com[.]co Imitates NBC. [11]
NBCNews.com.co NBCNews[.]com[.]co Defunct Owned by Paul Horner. Mimics the URL, design and logo of NBC News. [143]
nd-aktuell[.]net nd-aktuell[.]net Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. [12]
nd-aktuell[.]pro nd-aktuell[.]pro Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. [12]
Nets Bay netsbay[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
New Delhi News newdelhinews[.]club Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
News4KTLA[.]com News4KTLA[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
newsdag[.]com newsdag[.]com Impostor site, per DomainTools [33][34]
NewsDaily12[.]com NewsDaily12[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
News Breaks Here newsbreakshere[.]com Falsely claimed that Hillary Clinton lost the popular vote in the 2016 US Presidential Election. [144]
NewsBuzzDaily newsbuzzdaily[.]com Defunct This fake news website mostly consists of celebrity gossip and death hoaxes, but a few of its other stories were disseminated on social media. When the site was up it said that it was "a combination of real shocking news and satire news" and that articles were for "entertainment and satirical purposes" only.[44] [44]
News Examiner newsexaminer[.]net Started in 2015 by Paul Horner, the lead writer of the National Report. This website has been known to mix real news along with its fake news. [44]
News Hound news-hound[.]org [69]
The News Nerd thenewsnerd[.]com Defunct A defunct website which used to have a disclaimer on every page.[145] [69]
"The People's Voice"

(NewsPunch, YourNewsWire)

 thepeoplesvoice[.]tv Founded by Sean Adl-Tabatabai and Sinclair Treadway in 2014. It has published fake stories, such as "claims that the Queen had threatened to abdicate if the UK voted against Brexit." Its name was changed to NewsPunch in 2018. [146][147][148][149][150][151][152]
NewsWatch33 newswatch33[.]com Began in April 2015 under the name NewsWatch28, later becoming NewsWatch33. The website disguises itself as a local television outlet. It has also been known to mix real news along with its fake news in an attempt to circumvent Facebook's crackdown on them. [44]
New York City Morning Post nycmorning[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
The New York Evening TheNewYorkEvening[.]com This fake news website has spread numerous false claims, including a fake story claiming that Malia Obama had been expelled from Harvard. [153]
Next News Network nextnewsnetwork[.]com Combined content from mainstream sites such as the Associated Press with content from sites such as RT and Sputnik. [154][155]
NGR Daily nigeriacom[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
Now 8 News Now8News[.]com Started in 2015, this fake news website is also designed to look like a local television outlet. Several of the website's fake stories have successfully spread on social media. [44][156][157]
NYDailyNews-TV[.]com NYDailyNews-TV[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
nydaiylnews[.]com nydaiylnews[.]com Imitates The New York Daily News. [33][34]
nytimesofficial[.]com nytimesofficial[.]com Impostor site of The New York Times. [33][34]
NZL Daily newzealandgazette[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
ObserverOnline[.]news ObserverOnline[.]news Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
Oneworld.press Oneworld[.]press Russian troll farm working to elect Donald Trump and pushing fake pandemic information. [158]
OpIndia opindia[.]com OpIndia is an Indian website that has been rejected by the International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN). Fact checkers certified by the IFCN have identified 25 fake news stories published by OpIndia between January 2018 and June 2020. [159][160]
Palmer Report palmerreport[.]com Hyperpartisan liberal political blog known for publishing unsubstantiated or false claims and conspiracy theories, especially on matters relating to Donald Trump and Russia [31][32][26][63]
Peace Data peacedata[.]net A website that purports to be an independent left-wing news outlet, linked to Russian state actors. [161]
policito[.]com policito[.]com Spoof of Politico. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
xn--plitico-d5b[.]com xn--plitico-d5b[.]com Spoof of Politico. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
Portugal Daily portugaldaily[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
Postcard News postcard[.]news Postcard News is an Indian far-right propaganda and news website. In 2019, its founder, Mahesh Hegde, was arrested for a second time on charges of spreading fake news. [162][163]
The Predicted ThePredicted[.]com Supported Bernie Sanders during the 2016 U.S. Democratic Primaries and 2016 US Presidential Election with false stories about Hillary Clinton. [27]
Prntly prntly[.]com A politically conservative news site described by Snopes as "a disreputable outlet that has a penchant for publishing both fake news and spurious pro-Trump articles". [164][165]
Qatar Daily qatardaily[.]org Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
RAND Daily randdaily[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
rbk[.]today rbk[.]today Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. [12]
React 365 React365[.]com This user-created fake news generator, supposedly for "pranking your friends", had at least two stories that went viral. [44]
Real Raw News realrawnews[.]com A WordPress site hosting conspiratorial content, often about public figures being tried and executed for supposed crimes. [166][167]
RedRockTribune[.]com RedRockTribune[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
The Reporterz thereporterz[.]com Starting in early 2016, this fake news website penned several different hoaxes, including one about a murder over a Twitter trend. [44]
repubblica[.]life repubblica[.]life Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. [12]
Rrn[.]world Rrn[.]world Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. [22][12]
xn--r-2rm[.]com xn--r-2rm[.]com Spoof of RT. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
RU Business rubusiness[.]club Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
RU Industrial ruindustrial[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
Russian Daily russiadaily[.]org

therussiadaily[.]com

 Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
Sain Times saintimes[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
Saudi Weekly saudiweekly[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
schlauespiel[.]de schlauespiel[.]de Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. [12]
Seoul Daily seouldaily[.]org Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
sharjah24[.]co sharjah24[.]co Spoof of Sharjah24. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
shoruknews[.]com shoruknews[.]com Spoof of Al-Shorouk. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
Slay News slaynews[.]com This website has published claims such as that the World Economic Forum wants to use artificial intelligence to write a new bible. [168]
Snoopack Snoopack[.]com [169][170]
spiegel[.]agency spiegel[.]agency Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs Der Spiegel. [22][12]
spiegel[.]cab spiegel[.]cab Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs Der Spiegel. [22][12]
spiegel[.]fun spiegel[.]fun Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs Der Spiegel. [22][12]
spiegel[.]ink spiegel[.]ink Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs Der Spiegel. [22][12]
spiegel[.]ltd spiegel[.]ltd Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs Der Spiegel. [22][12]
speigel[.]net speigel[.]net Spoof of Der Speigel. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
spiegel[.]pro spiegel[.]pro Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs Der Spiegel. [22][12]
spiegel[.]quest spiegel[.]quest Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs Der Spiegel. [22][12]
spiegel[.]today spiegel[.]today Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs Der Spiegel. [22][12]
spiegel[.]work spiegel[.]work Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs Der Spiegel. [22][12]
spiegeli[.]life spiegeli[.]life Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs Der Spiegel. [22][12]
spiegeli[.]live spiegeli[.]live Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs Der Spiegel. [22][12]
spiegeli[.]today spiegeli[.]today Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs Der Spiegel. [22][12]
spiegelr[.]live spiegelr[.]live Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs Der Spiegel. [22][12]
spiegelr[.]today spiegelr[.]today Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs Der Spiegel. [22][12]
Spinzon spinzon[.]com [171]
Startup India Magazine startupindiamagazine[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
St George Gazette stgeorgegazette[.]com [172][173]
Stuppid Stuppid[.]com [44]
sueddeutsche[.]cc sueddeutsche[.]cc Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. [12]
sueddeutsche[.]co sueddeutsche[.]co Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. [12]
sueddeutsche[.]me sueddeutsche[.]me Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. [12]
sueddeutsche[.]online sueddeutsche[.]online Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. [12]
Super Station 95 SuperStation95[.]com Pirate radio station and corresponding website operated by Hal Turner. [174][175][176][177][178][179]
Swiss Weekly swissweekly[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
Swiss Zeitung swisszeitung[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
t-online[.]life t-online[.]life Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs T-Online. [22][12]
t-onlinl[.]life t-onlinl[.]life Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs T-Online. [22][12]
t-onlinl[.]live t-onlinl[.]live Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs T-Online. [22][12]
t-onlinl[.]today t-onlinl[.]today Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs T-Online. [22][12]
t-onlinr[.]life t-onlinr[.]life Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs T-Online. [22][12]
t-onlinr[.]live t-onlinr[.]live Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs T-Online. [22][12]
t-onlinr[.]today t-onlinr[.]today Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs T-Online. [22][12]
tagesspiegel[.]co tagesspiegel[.]co Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs Der Tagesspiegel. [22][12][180]
tagesspiegel[.]ltd tagesspiegel[.]ltd Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs Der Tagesspiegel. [22][12][180]
台灣焦點 hotintaiwan[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
TH Truth thtruth[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
The Thailands thethailands[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
Times[.]com[.]mx Times[.]com[.]mx Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
timesoffisrael[.]com timesoffisrael[.]com Spoof of The Times of Israel. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
timesofisraeil[.]com timesofisraeil[.]com Spoof of The Times of Israel. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
thetlmes[.]com thetlmes[.]com Impostor site, per DomainTools. [33][34]
TMK Daily trademarksdaily[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
tonline[.]cfd tonline[.]cfd Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs T-Online. [22][12]
tonline[.]life tonline[.]life Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs T-Online. [22][12]
tonline[.]today tonline[.]today Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs T-Online. [22][12]
Toyo Times toyotimes[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
True Pundit truepundit[.]com A far-right and fake news website known for publishing conspiracy theories that often credited false stories about the FBI and Hillary Clinton to anonymous sources and claimed the mainstream media was covering it up. [181][182][183][184][185][186][187]
TruNews trunews[.]com [31][63]
TrueTrumpers.com TrueTrumpers[.]com This fake news website makes "claims about President Donald Trump, former President Barack Obama and Muslims, in particular, as well as click-baiting claims about porn stars and secret tricks for weight loss and whiter teeth." [188]
UConservative uconservative[.]net [189][190]
UndergroundNewsReport.com UndergroundNewsReport[.]com According to PolitiFact, "the site purposely writes outlandish stories to trick readers". Launched on February 21, 2017, the website gained more than 1 million page views in its first two weeks; in less than a month the site was sued by Whoopi Goldberg. [191][192]
The Unhived Mind theunhivedmind[.]com The Unhived Mind is a far-right fake news website that has frequently been shared on the alt-tech social network Gab. [193]
United Media Publishing unitedmediapublishing[.]com Owned by Jestin Coler. [58]
Unsee News unseenews[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
USA-Television[.]com USA-Television[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
USATodayNews[.]me USATodayNews[.]me Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
USA Daily Info usadailyinfo[.]com [194][195]
usatoday.com.co usatoday[.]com[.]co Defunct Falsely reports celebrity appearances and filming locations in random local towns [58]
usatosday[.]com usatosday[.]com Imitation of USA Today [33][34]
US Postman USPostman[.]com [11][196]
xn--wa-exs[.]com xn--wa-exs[.]com Spoof of Emirates News Agency. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
waradena[.]com waradena[.]com Spoof of Waradana. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
The Warsaw Voice thewarsawvoice[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
WashingtonEvening[.]com WashingtonEvening[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
washnigtonexaminer[.]com washnigtonexaminer[.]com Spoof of The Washington Examiner. Part of Endless Mayfly, an Iran-affiliated disinformation campaign. [3]
WashingtonFeed[.]com WashingtonFeed[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
washingtonpost.com.co washingtonpost[.]com[.]co Originally registered by Jestin Coler. The Washington Post submitted a complaint against Coler's registration of the site with GoDaddy under the UDRP, and in 2015, an arbitral panel ruled that Coler's registration of the domain name was a form of bad-faith cybersquatting (specifically, typosquatting), "through a website that competes with Complainant through the use of fake news. ... The fake news content misleads readers and serves as 'click bait' to drive readers to other sites, or to share the fake news content with others on social networking websites, to generate advertising revenue." [197][58]
TheWashingtonPress[.]com TheWashingtonPress[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
washinqtonpost[.]com washinqtonpost[.]com Imitates Washington Post [33][34]
welt[.]ltd welt[.]ltd Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs Welt. [22][12]
welt[.]media welt[.]media Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs Welt. [22][12]
welt[.]ws welt[.]ws Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Spoofs Welt. [22][12]
Werk35[.]com Werk35[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
WestfieldPost[.]com WestfieldPost[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
WorldNetDaily wnd[.]com A far-right website known for promoting falsehoods and conspiracy theories, including the false claim that Barack Obama was not born in the United States. [31][32][26][84][198]
World News Daily Report worldnewsdailyreport[.]com Run by Janick Murray-Hall. Its disclaimer states, "World News Daily Report assumes all responsibility for the satirical nature of its articles and for the fictional nature of their content. All characters appearing in the articles in this website—even those based on real people—are entirely fictional and any resemblance between them and any person, living, dead or undead, is purely a miracle."[199] [26]
WRPM33[.]com WRPM33[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
WY21news[.]com WY21news[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [11]
Yarl Times yarltimes[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
Yasu Daily yasudaily[.]com Part of HaiEnergy, a pro-People's Republic of China disinformation campaign in 2022. [13]
zestiftung[.]com zestiftung[.]com Fake news impostor website created as part of a Russia-originated disinformation campaign related to the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. [12]

Philippines

Fake news sites have become rampant for Philippine audiences, especially being shared on social media.[200] Politicians have started filing laws to combat fake news[201][202] and three Senate hearings have been held on the topic.[203][204][205]

The Catholic Church in the Philippines has also released a missive speaking out against it.[206]

Vera Files research at the end of 2017 and 2018 show that the most shared fake news in the Philippines appeared to benefit 2 people the most: Former President Rodrigo Duterte (as well as his allies) and President Bongbong Marcos, with the most viral news driven by shares on networks of Facebook pages.[207] Most Philippine audience Facebook pages and groups spreading online disinformation also bear "Duterte", "Marcos" or "News" in their names and are pro-Duterte.[208] Online disinformation in the Philippines is overwhelmingly political as well, with most attacking groups or individuals critical of the Duterte administration.[209] Many Philippine-audience fake news websites also appear to be controlled by the same operators as they share common Google AdSense and Google Analytics IDs.[208]

According to media scholar Jonathan Corpus Ong, Duterte's presidential campaign is regarded as the patient zero in the current era of disinformation, having preceded widespread global coverage of the Cambridge Analytica scandal and Russian trolls.[10] Fake news is so established and severe in the Philippines that Facebook's Global Politics and Government Outreach Director Katie Harbath also calls it "patient zero"[210] in the global misinformation epidemic, having happened before Brexit, the Donald Trump nomination and the 2016 United States elections.[211]

See also

References

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