Gay and Lesbian Teachers and Students Association
AbbreviationGaLTaS
Formation1991
Founded atNew South Wales
Dissolved1998 (1998)
TypeNGO
PurposeActivist and support organisation for lesbian, gay, bisexual, intersex and transgender students and teachers.
HeadquartersSydney
Location
Co-convenors
Derek Williams
Jacqui Griffin

The Gay and Lesbian Teachers and Students Association (GaLTaS) was an Australian LGBT organisation active from 1991 to 1998 that was established during a wave of gay gang murders to publicise widespread problems of anti-gay bullying and violence in Australian schools, as well as to offer support and a path to redress for its victims.[1][2] It was founded by gay activist Derek Williams, a New Zealand born teacher at Randwick Boys High School[3][4] and Jennifer Glass, an 18-year-old lesbian New South Wales high school student.[5] A controversial attempt to set up a similar support organisation 'GAYTAS' in 1978 had failed, with same-sex relationships at that stage still a criminal offence in New South Wales until law repeal in 1984.[6] However, GaLTaS survived after LGBT+ students themselves spoke openly to both LGBT+ and mainstream media.[7][8][9] The organisation was registered as an Australian Incorporated Society, and was managed by a committee elected at each AGM, headed by two co-convenors. Parents were invited to all meetings, both individually and through a working association with PFLAG. Williams was subsequently six times re-elected its male co-convenor, and after the resignation of Glass, lawyer Jacqui Griffin became female co-convenor for the major part of GaLTaS’ significant activism.[10]

Background

The impetus to set up GaLTaS had reached a crucial point following the murder convictions and 18-year prison sentences handed down in 1990 to 8 students (the “Alexandria Eight”) from Sydney's Cleveland Street High School and a North Shore Catholic School for the gay-related killing of 33-year-old New Zealander Richard Johnson. Another group of 30 youths aged 12-18 (the "Bondi Boys") were active in throwing gay men to their deaths off the cliffs of Marks Park, Tamarama (colloquially euphemised as "cliff jumping"). As many as 88 men were killed, including Scott Johnson, Ross Warren and John Russell, with their deaths initially dismissed as “suicide”, “accident” or otherwise “not suspicious”.[11][12][13][14] Amid a spate of such attacks,[15] gay Social Science teacher Wayne Tonks was also brutally murdered by two 16-year-old students from Cleveland Street High School after he had received threats at the school and had his Artarmon flat ransacked. Aside from the two who killed him, Tonks had previously taught three of the boys eventually convicted of Richard Johnson's murder.[12][16] By 2023, there were still "50 to 100 persons of interest at least known" to NSW Police.[17]

Political response

In February 1993, Education Minister Virginia Chadwick agreed to a meeting with GaLTaS at the New South Wales Parliament led by Derek Williams with lobbyist Carole Ruthchild and some of the students being subjected to homophobic victimisation and violence at their school.[18] Following an interview with Chadwick and Williams by Quentin Dempster on the 7:30 Report, Chadwick announced School Anti-discrimination Grievance Procedures for Students,[19] that provided a means for LGBT+ students to achieve redress and complete their education.[20] This was expanded and re-issued in 1995 to incorporate amendments to the Anti-Discrimination Act.[21] These measures were also intended to reverse the escalation of ubiquitous homophobic student invective into serious crime such as assault and homicide, that had life-changing consequences both for perpetrators and their victims.[22]

The SchoolWatch Report

In March 1993, GaLTaS was awarded a Federal National Youth Grant of $30,000 (=c.$68,400 equivalent in 2023)[23] by the Government of Australia[24] to establish a toll-free telephone hotline for gay and lesbian student victims of homophobic harassment and violence in schools. More than 500 calls were taken by specially trained counsellors, and the research was compiled by GaLTaS co-convenor Jacqui Griffin[25][26] for inclusion in The SchoolWatch Report : A Study Into Anti-Lesbian and Anti-Gay Harassment and Violence in Australian Schools,[27] launched in 1995 at Randwick Boys High School by Virginia Chadwick.[28]

Following the launch of Griffin’s SchoolWatch Report, she and Williams continued to work with Chadwick[29] alongside the New South Wales Department of Education, the Board of Studies, the New South Wales Parents and Citizens Association,[30] the New South Wales Anti-discrimination Board and the NSW Police Gay Liaison Officer[31] to address ongoing issues of school bullying,[32] suicidal ideation, suicide among LGBT youth[33] and homicide by students,[34][35][36]via workshops,[20][37] teacher training and books in schools programmes.[38][39]

After the defeat of the NSW Liberal Party by Labor at the 1995 New South Wales state election, Chadwick was succeeded as Education Minister by John Aquilina, who later abruptly shelved implementation of her reforms.[40]

In February 1997, as GaLTaS delegate, Williams addressed a Parliament of Australia forum on youth suicide convened by then Prime Minister, John Howard,[41][42] working with Heather Horntvedt who represented PFLAG[43] in her address to the forum.

Media representation

GaLTaS’ activism on behalf of students was widely reported in both LGBT+ and largely sympathetic mainstream news mastheads as well as in television documentaries, and this helped bring the plight of LGBT+ students into public focus. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation Attitude program[44][45] and Channel 9's 60 Minutes broadcast television documentaries covering GaLTaS' endeavours to keep LGBT+ students at school. In 1992, Derek Williams represented GaLTaS as a guest on the Nine Network's TV series Sex[46][4] episode "Homosexuality", hosted by Australian actress Sophie Lee with Australian Medical Association (AMA) President, Dr Kerryn Phelps as medical reporter.[47] The episode was a televised dinner at the Nine Network studios, together with Festival of Light politician and outspoken LGBT+ rights opponent, Fred Nile, as well as representatives from the Parents and Citizens (P&C) and the AMA.[48] Williams and Phelps were subsequently interviewed together by Liz Hayes on the Today Show concerning ongoing issues of school-based homophobia.

Breach of Duty of Care lawsuits

From May 1993, Derek Williams began to call on the NSW parliament to remove private schools' LGBT+ related exemptions from the New South Wales Anti-Discrimination Act 1977,[49] and from April 1997, GaLTaS began representing LGBT+ students suing their schools in a number of landmark cases[50][51] alleging breach of duty of care by the Catholic Education Office (CEO) and the New South Wales Department of School Education, that were eventually settled out of court under non-disclosure agreements.

In 1997, assisted by GaLTaS with Contingent Fee legal representation by Carters Law Firm,[52] at age 13, Christopher Tsakalos became the youngest student ever to sue his school[53][54] for anti-gay vilification and bullying.[55][56] Christopher and his mother Vicky Tsakalos[53] approached Williams about homophobic bullying that had caused him to change school several times, ending at Cranebrook High School in Sydney's West. With parental agreement, Nine Network's 60 Minutes programme broadcast the documentary Pride and Prejudice - Chris[57][56] interviewing Williams, Christopher and Vicky Tsakalos, showing students at Cranebrook High School yelling homophobic abuse across the school playground followed by an interview with the headmistress.[58] The story was taken up in Australia's major mastheads, both nationally and internationally,[59][60][61] and the Tsakalos case was raised by Williams in his address to the Australian Parliament on 28 February 1997.[41]

Also in 1997, again assisted by GaLTaS and Carter’s Law Firm, gay student James Brilley sued Marcellin College Randwick for breach of duty of care and anti-gay vilification. After collapsing at his school as a result of his experience, Brilley had spent 4 months in psychiatric care at the Caritas Psychiatric Unit. Despite Catholic schools’ religion-based exemption from the Anti-Discrimination Act, the matter was settled out of court under a non-disclosure agreement for a six-figure sum. In light of Brilley’s complaint, and echoing Williams’ call for the law to be reformed, the President of the NSW Anti-Discrimination Board and NSW Privacy Commissioner, Chris Puplick stated, “Students’ rights should not be contingent upon their particular school.”[51]

HREOC and Wood Royal Commission

During the Justice James Roland Wood Royal Commission into the New South Wales Police Service, Derek Williams represented GaLTaS in submissions on behalf of LGBT+ teachers and students.[62] During an interview on the 7:30 Report by Quentin Dempster, Williams explained the GaLTaS Code of Ethics and student welfare policy that had been revised the year before by Jacqui Griffin and adopted at a SGM in December 1995.[63][64]

In 1997, Griffin won a discrimination case filed with the Human Rights & Equal Opportunity Commission under Chris Sidoti against the Sydney Catholic Education Office for refusing her employment on the basis of her GaLTaS co-convenorship, with Derek Williams appearing as witness representing GaLTaS.[65][66][67] The CEO rejected the HREOC finding,[68] nonetheless in March 1998, Sidoti submitted his decision to the Attorney General Daryl Williams for tabling in the Federal Parliament.[69]

In its submission to the Australian Commonwealth Parliament Inquiry into the Status of the Human Right of Freedom of Religion or Belief that had been called in 2016 by the Minister for Foreign Affairs, the Hon Julie Bishop, the Presbyterian Church of Queensland adduced Griffin's HREOC win in support of its claims of competing rights and alleged abrogation of Freedom of Religion.[70] However, the inquiry lapsed when the Joint Standing Committee disbanded at the dissolution of the House of Representatives in April 2019.[71]

Legacy

In 1998, GaLTaS was absorbed into the New South Wales Teachers Federation as a Special Interest Group,[72] with Derek Williams as a founding member. From 2010, the Safe Schools Coalition Australia began developing the Safe Schools Program to give support to teachers and schools seeking assistance in the creation of a more inclusive environment for LGBT+ students and their families.[73]

Prior to the activism of GaLTaS in bringing the existence of LGBT+ youth and their victimisation to inescapable public awareness, the NSW Dept of Education policy had been that “The Department of School Education does not condone or promote homosexuality”, along similar lines to the British Section 28, which reflected the prevailing view at that time. Virginia Chadwick’s recognition of the problems facing LGBT+ children in her schools and her willingness to address them with new anti-discrimination and anti-bullying policies, reflected an opening up of dialogue with parents of these children, and their teachers. Moreover, the Howard government’s funding of Jacqui Griffin’s SchoolWatch Report followed by its public launch and adoption by Chadwick credibly placed on public record LGBT+ students’ experience of bullying and its direct association with suicide ideation.

By 2017, the New South Wales Education Department had promulgated its Review of Sexuality and Gender Education, setting out guidelines for age-appropriate sex education curricula,[74] following the 2011 expansion of its anti-bullying policy.[75] In 2022, the New South Wales government published its LGBTIQ+ Health Strategy 2022-2027 paper,[76] which along with the conclusive 61% ‘Yes’ vote in the 2017 Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey, further underlined the magnitude of the shift that had taken place in public understanding of LGBT+ identity away from its criminalisation prior to 1984.

References

  1. ↑ Singerman, Deborah (18 January 1992). 'Testing Time for School Gays'. Page 36. The Sydney Morning Herald (Australia)
  2. ↑ Singerman, Deborah. (27 November 1991). "Out of the closet and into the classroom". Green Left Issue 37. 6 September 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  3. ↑ Committee, Gay & Lesbian Rights Lobby AGM, July 1990. (Source: Gay & Lesbian Rights Lobby Annual Report 1988–1989). Wayback Machine. (Sydney, Australia)
  4. 1 2 Skiffington, Toni. (1 February 1997). 'Derek came out to find success and become a role model'. Page 14 (full page). The Daily Post (Rotorua, New Zealand)
  5. ↑ Jennifer Glass. Lesbians on the Loose. Issue 14. February 1991. Trove.
  6. ↑ McKinnon, Scott (12 June 2017). "Maintaining the school closet: the changing regulation of homosexuality and the contested space of the school in New South Wales, 1978–84". Australian Geographer. 49: 185–198. doi:10.1080/00049182.2017.1327786. ISSN 0004-9182. S2CID 148956408.
  7. ↑ Totaro, Paola (20 March 1992). 'Student gang forces gay boys to quit school. Front Page. The Sydney Morning Herald (Australia)
  8. ↑ Larriera, Alicia (30 March 1992). 'Gays refuse to enroll'. Page 2. The Sydney Morning Herald (Australia)'
  9. ↑ (6 June 1992). 'Three Lesbians Quit HSC'. Page 6. The Sydney Morning Herald. (Australia).
  10. ↑ Zwolsman, Debbie. (July 1992). Dykes drop out while Chadwick stalls. Front page. Lesbians on the Loose. Issue 33, Vol. 3 No 7. Trove.
  11. ↑ Goddard, Martyn (6 April 1991). 'Seeds Of Tolerance: In The Gay Killing Fields'. Page 39 (full page). Sydney Morning Herald Spectrum. (Australia)
  12. 1 2 Callaghan, Greg. (1 October 2021). ‘A willingness to write crimes off’: on the trail of the Bondi killers. Sydney Morning Herald.
  13. ↑ Timeline for Key Events in the Hate Crimes Journey 1978 - 2018 2 For NSW Parliamentary Inquiry (by Sue Thompson 6.11.18 v.12). New South Wales Parliament.
  14. ↑ Davis, Kristen (January 2007). "Bondi's underbelly: the 'gay gang murders". Queer Space: Centres and Peripheries.
  15. ↑ Fenely, Rick. (27 July 2013). Up to 80 men murdered, 30 cases unsolved. Sydney Morning Herald.
  16. ↑ Goddard, Martyn. (25 January 1991). 'Death Boast'. Front Page. Star Observer (Australia)
  17. ↑ Whitbourn, Michaela. (21 February 2023). Police quietly ‘reversed’ inquest findings on Bondi deaths, inquiry told. Sydney Morning Herald.
  18. ↑ (27 February 1993) Carole Ruthchild, co-convenor of the Gay and Lesbian Rights Lobby (GLRL), Derek Williams, co-convenor of Gay and Lesbian Teachers and Students (GaLTaS) meet with Virginia Chadwick. Parliament of New South Wales. Sydney's Pride History Group. Wayback Machine. (Sydney, Australia)
  19. ↑ Powell, Sian (7 October 1993). 'Govt bid to outlaw racism, sexism in schools'. Page 3. The Sydney Morning Herald (Australia)
  20. 1 2 Long, Stephen (11 April 1991). 'Education the way to wipe out prejudice'. Page 6. The Eastern Herald (Sydney, Australia)
  21. ↑ (Februrary 1995). Sydney Star Observer: Issue 253 The NSW Education Minister releases an anti-discrimination policy for schools which addresses lesbian and gay and HIV status harassment and vilification'. Sydney's Pride History Group. (Australia)
  22. ↑ Mason, Gail (Ed.) & Tomsen, Stephen (Ed.) (1997). Homophobic Violence. Pages 104–117. 'Anti-lesbian/gay violence in schools'. Griffin, Jacqui (GaLTaS Co-convenor). The Hawkins Press. ISBN 1876067047. Australian Institute of Criminology.
  23. ↑ Inflation Calculator.
  24. ↑ (24 March 1993). IN BRIEF: Help for gay victims. Page 4. The Sydney Morning Herald
  25. ↑ Combatting Homophobia. Education: Vol 73 No 5, 27 April 1992. New South Wales Teachers Federation. Trove
  26. ↑ (January 1996). 1996 'Derek Williams and Jacqui Griffin are the new co-convenors of the Gay and Lesbian Teachers and Students' Association'. Sydney's Pride History Group. Wayback Machine. Australia)
  27. ↑ Griffin, Jacqui (1994). The SchoolWatch report: a study into anti-lesbian and anti-gay harassment and violence in Australian schools. Chippendale, N.S.W: J. Griffin. ISBN 978-0-646-19960-3.. National Library of Australia
  28. ↑ (March 1995). Sydney Star Observer: Issue 256. The School Watch Report – 'A Study into Anti-Lesbian and Anti-Gay Harassment and Violence is launched at Randwick Boys' High School by the NSW Minister of Education'. Sydney's Pride History Group. (Australia)
  29. ↑ Lewis, Julie (15 February 1995). 'Gay students to get formal protection'. Page 3. The Sydney Morning Herald (Australia)
  30. ↑ Passey, David. (15 May 1997). 'Schools tackle rights of gays'. Page 3. The Sydney Morning Herald (Australia)
  31. ↑ Jenny Mouzos and Sue Thompson. (March 2001). Comparison between Gay Hate-Related Homicides of Men and Other Male Homicides in New South Wales 1989 -1999 . Hate Crime Conference, 9-10 December 1999, University of Sydney. Published as Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice - No. 155 by Australian Institute of Criminology.
  32. ↑ Vass, Nathan (1 July 1996). 'Gay slurs: school suspends 2 students'. Page 6. The Sydney Morning Herald (Australia)
  33. ↑ Adamson, Judy (20 July 1995). 'Death by Numbers'. Front Page, P4-5. Northern Herald (Sydney, Australia)
  34. ↑ Goddard, Martyn (6 April 1991). 'Seeds Of Tolerance: In The Gay Killing Fields'. Page 39 (full page). Sydney Morning Herald Spectrum. (Australia)
  35. ↑ Goddard, Martyn (25 January 1991). 'Death Boast'. Front Page. Star Observer (Australia)
  36. ↑ Wade, Matthew (23 September 2016). "The Sydney gay beat murders revealed". Star Observer. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  37. ↑ Williams, Derek. 11 October 1997. How to Stop Classroom Homophobia conference. Sydney's Pride History Group. Wayback Machine. (Sydney, Australia).
  38. ↑ Lewis, Julie (7 March 1995). 'Anti-gay students targeted via literature'. Page 5.The Sydney Morning Herald (Australia)
  39. ↑ Raethel, Stephanie (22 October 1997). 'Gay book gift bushwhacked'. Page 3. The Sydney Morning Herald (Australia)
  40. ↑ Passey, David. (16 May 1997). 'Aquilina forbids school trial of pro-gay program'. Page 6. The Sydney Morning Herald (Australia)
  41. 1 2 Hansard: "HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES STANDING COMMITTEE ON FAMILY AND COMMUNITY AFFAIRS" (PDF). 5 February 2023. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  42. ↑ 28 February 1997. Prime Minister John Howard hosts a forum on youth suicide. Gay and Lesbian Teachers and Students Association (GaLTaS) and Parents and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG) speak at the forum. Canberra. Sydney's Pride History Group. Wayback Machine.
  43. ↑ Zwolsman, Debbi. (May 1992). Pushed to the Limit. LESBIANS ON THE LOOSE: ISSUE 29. Trove.
  44. ↑ "Attitude | Library Sales – ABC Commercial". 18 May 2022. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  45. ↑ Fredericks, Karen. "... and ain't i a woman?: Learning hatred from the church". Green Left Weekly. 9 June 1993. Retrieved 19 November 2023. Issue 103.
  46. ↑ "The Museum of Broadcast Communications – Encyclopedia of Television – Sex". 14 November 2018. Archived from the original on 14 November 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  47. ↑ Lee, Sophie. (19 March 1992). Sydney Morning Herald. Page 24. Television. "Homosexuality". Nine Network. (Australia).
  48. ↑ Luck, Peter. (23 March 1992). 'Luck on the Logies'. Pages 48 and 53 (= 1 and 6 The Guide). Sydney Morning Herald. (Australia).
  49. ↑ Kirk, Sigrid. (19 May 1993). 'Call to ban school discrimination.' Page 3. The Sydney Morning Herald. (Australia)
  50. ↑ Martin, Louise (2 April 1997). 'Youth sues over school abuse'. Page A3. The Age (Melbourne, Australia)
  51. 1 2 Passey, David. (1 May 1997). 'Gay man sues Catholic school for vilification'. Page 6. The Sydney Morning Herald. (Australia)
  52. ↑ "Australian Lawyers Directory – All Lawyers, Solicitors firms, Barristers and Bar Chambers in Australia, Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane". www.australianlawyersdirectory.com.au. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  53. 1 2 "Australian Youth Sues Over School Abuse". groups.google.com. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  54. ↑ (3 April 1997). 'The case of 14 year old gay student Christopher Tsakalos who is suing Cranebrook High School Penrith for failing to prevent anti-gay vilification, will be rushed directly to the Supreme Court'. Sydney's Pride History Group. Wayback Machine. (Australia).
  55. ↑ Passey, David. (5 April 1997). 'Schoolyard Victims'. Page 38. The Sydney Morning Herald (Australia)
  56. 1 2 Rasmussen, Mary Louise (12 November 2012). Becoming Subjects: Sexualities and Secondary Schooling. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-08194-1.
  57. ↑ (23 March 1997). Reporter: Jeff McMullen, Producers: Kerryn Pratt and Stephen Taylor. Pride and Prejudice – Chris. 60 Minutes. Nine Network. (Sydney, Australia)
  58. ↑ Kendall, Christopher & Sidebotham, Naomi. (2004). Homophobic Bullying in Schools: Is there a Duty of Care?. 1327-7634 Vol 9, No 1, 2004, pp.71–93 Australia & New Zealand Journal of Law & Education. Murdoch University. Western Australia
  59. ↑ Epstein, Debbie (Ed.) & Sears, James Thomas (Ed.) (1 November 1999). A Dangerous Knowing: Sexuality, Pedagogy and Popular Culture. Pages 287–298. 'Multicultural does not mean multisexual'. Maria Pallotta-Chiarolli. Continuum International Publishing Group. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 1441193510. ISBN 9781441193513. (United Kingdom).
  60. ↑ Meyer, Elizabeth L. & Stader, David. (2009). 'Queer Youth and the Culture Wars: From Classroom to Courtroom in Australia, Canada and the United States'. McGill University (Canada). Saint Louis University (USA).
  61. ↑ "Queer Youth and the Culture Wars: From Classroom to Courtroom in Australia, Canada and the United States". 5 February 2023. Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  62. ↑ David Humphries and Jennifer Cook. (27 August 1997). 'Wood's main recommendations' and 'MP's say 'no' to consent proposal'. Page 7. The Sydney Morning Herald (Australia)
  63. ↑ Griffin, Jacqui. (June 1996). Pedophile Herrings. Lesbians on the Loose. Page 7. Trove.
  64. ↑ ‘Briefs’. “Vote ‘political suicide’”. Lesbians on the Loose: Vol. 5, No 7, July 1994. National Library of Australia. Trove.
  65. ↑ Raethel, Stephanie (19 December 1997). 'Lesbian teacher wins discrimination case'. Page 8. The Sydney Morning Herald (Australia)
  66. ↑ Sidoti, Chris. (March 1998). Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Report of Inquiry into a Complaint of Discrimination in Employment and Occupation. Discrimination on the ground of sexual preference. HRC Report No. 6. (Australia)
  67. ↑ December 1997. 'The Human Rights Commissioner, Chris Sidoti condemns the Catholic Education Office for refusing Jacqui Griffin's employment in 1993 when she was the co-convenor of GaLTaS'. Sydney's Pride History Group. Wayback Machine. (Sydney, Australia)
  68. ↑ McGillion, Chris (24 June 1998). 'Ruling on gay teacher rejected'. Page 7. The Sydney Morning Herald (Australia)
  69. ↑ Legal developments From HREoc & the EOT. March 1998. Australasian Legal Information Institute.
  70. ↑ Submission to the Australian Commonwealth Parliament Human Rights Sub-Committee Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Inquiry into the Status of the Human Right of Freedom of Religion or Belief. 'Practical Examples of Dangers of Courts Weighing Religious Truth': p.21, Section 1.29(b). Presbyterian Church of Queensland.
  71. ↑ 29 November 2016. Inquiry into the status of the human right to freedom of religion or belief. Parliament of Australia.
  72. ↑ "Special Interest Groups". NSW Teachers Federation. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  73. ↑ Safe Schools Coalition Australia. Health and Education Resource Centre: UNESCO.
  74. ↑ Louden. William. (17 January 2017). Review of Sexuality and Gender Education. Department of Education (New South Wales).
  75. ↑ Bullying of Students - Prevention and Response. Policy contact: ‘Behaviour and Student Participation’ #0278143809 - Reference number: PD-2010-0415-V01.0.5. Implementation date: 21 March 2011. Department of Education (New South Wales).
  76. ↑ Brad Hazzard. Minister for Health (New South Wales). NSW LGBTIQ+ Health Strategy 2022-2027. Government of New South Wales.
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