CAMM (Common Anti-Air Modular Missile)
An MBDA computer generated graphic showing a CAMM missile in flight
Type
  • CAMM: short range anti-aircraft and anti-missile missile
  • CAMM-ER: short range anti-aircraft and anti-missile missile
  • CAMM-MR: medium range anti-aircraft and anti-missile missile
Place of originUnited Kingdom
United Kingdom & Italy (CAMM-ER)
United Kingdom & Poland (CAMM-MR)
Service history
In service
  • Sea Ceptor – 2018
  • Sky Sabre – 2021
Production history
DesignerMBDA UK
MBDA & Avio (CAMM-ER)
Designed2004
Specifications
Mass
  • CAMM: 99 kg (218 lb)
  • CAMM-ER: 166 kg (366 lb)
Length
  • CAMM: 3.2 m (10 ft 6 in)
  • CAMM-ER: 4.2 m (13 ft 9 in)
Diameter
  • CAMM: 166 mm (6.5 in)
  • CAMM-ER: 190 mm (7.5 in)
Wingspan450 mm (18 in)
WarheadHigh-explosive blast fragmentation warhead with proximity and impact fuze
Warhead weight10 kg (22 lb)
EngineSolid-fuel rocket motor
Operational
range
  • CAMM: > 25 km (16 mi)
  • CAMM-ER: > 45 km (28 mi)
  • CAMM-MR: > 100 km (62 mi)
Flight altitude10,000 m (33,000 ft)
Maximum speed Mach 3 (1,029 m/s; 3,376 ft/s)
Guidance
system
Inertial guidance system with mid-course update and active radar terminal homing
Steering
system
Four folding cruciform wings
ReferencesJanes[1][2]

The CAMM (Common Anti-Air Modular Missile) is a family of surface-to-air missiles developed by MBDA UK for the United Kingdom. CAMM is derived from and shares some common features and components with the ASRAAM (Advanced Short Range Air-to-Air Missile), but with updated electronics, a soft vertical launch system, and an active radar homing seeker.

In the Royal Navy, CAMM (the point and local area defence variant with a range of greater than 25 kilometres (16 mi)) is known as Sea Ceptor, and has been replacing the Sea Wolf missiles on Type 23 frigates since 2018.[3] It is also planned to equip both the Type 26 and Type 31 Frigates, and intended to replace Aster 15 on the Type 45 Destroyers.[4][5][6] In the British Army, CAMM is known as Land Ceptor, and is the interceptor component of the Sky Sabre air defence system, which since 2021 has been replacing the Rapier missile in service.[7][8] The development of CAMM is also contributing to the updating of ASRAAM in service with the Royal Air Force.[9]

An extended-range version of the CAMM (CAMM-ER) is in the final stages of co-development between the UK and Italy and is capable of reaching targets over 45 kilometres (28 mi) away.[10] Brazil is independently developing the similar 40 kilometres (25 mi)+ ranged MV-AMA (AVibras Medium Altitude Missile) for its Astros 2020 MLRS and naval platforms.[11][12][13][14] A larger CAMM-MR (medium-range) missile with a range of over 100 kilometres (62 mi) is being co-developed between the UK and Poland and slated to equip Polish Miecznik-class frigates and Wisła air defence systems.[15][16]

Development

The Common Anti-Air Modular Missile has its roots in a Technology Demonstration Programme (TDP), jointly funded by MBDA and the Ministry of Defence (MoD) as part of the United Kingdom's Future Local Area Air Defence System (FLAADS).[17] FLAADS is part of a wider UK 'Team Complex Weapons' programme to deliver a variety of weapons and maintain UK sovereign capability in this area.[18] FLAADS is intended to deliver a common weapons platform, the Common Anti-Air Modular Missile (CAMM), to equip forces in the air, land and maritime environments.[19][20] During the early stages of the FLAADS programme, requirements were identified for the new missile to meet both current and anticipated threats, namely "airborne targets which are typified by high speed, rapid evasive manoeuvres, low signatures and advanced countermeasure[s]."[21]

Phase 1 of the TDP worked on technologies for soft vertical launch, the low-cost active radar seeker, a dual-band two-way datalink and a programmable open systems architecture.[17] Phase 2 began in 2008 and covered the manufacture of flight-worthy subsystems, mid-course guidance firings and captive airborne seeker trials on a Qinetiq Andover experimental aircraft.[17] The Soft Vertical Launch was proven over a series of trials, culminating in a successful truck launch in May 2011.[9] In January 2012 the MoD awarded MBDA a £483 million contract to develop FLAADS (Maritime) to replace Sea Wolf missiles on Type 23 frigates.[18]

Originally, the CAMM programme aspired to provide land, sea and air-launched capabilities, but it was deemed more effective to instead develop CAMM for use for land and sea only, while using the well established ASRAAM to cover the air-launched role.[9] However, technologies and components developed for CAMM have been used as part of an upgrade to ASRAAM.[9][22][23]

Development costs were reduced by a using modular design and minimised complexity.[17] Additionally, the command and control software reuses around 70% of that developed for the Principal Anti-Air Missile System (PAAMS) onboard the Type 45 destroyers.[24]

In January 2015, the MoD announced that it had signed a development and manufacturing deal with MBDA in late December 2014.[25]

Characteristics

All CAMM variants share several common features:

  • An Active RF seeker provides high performance including in all weather conditions and removes the need for complex and high-cost fire control/illumination radars.[24][7]
  • A two-way data link allows retargeting in flight.[7]
  • Designed to remain in its launch canister, maintenance-free throughout its life.[7]
  • High rate of fire against multiple simultaneous targets (saturation attacks).[8]
  • A "wide target set" including a "modest" surface-to-surface capability similar to the American SM-6.[7][26][4][27]
  • A Soft Vertical Launch (Cold launch) system that offers 360° degree launch coverage. This uses a gas generator to pneumatically eject the missile from its canister before turning-over towards the target and engaging its rocket motor. The benefits of this launch method compared to the traditional hot launch method include increased range – by saving all the rocket motor's energy to power the intercept – reduced minimum intercept range, reduced stress on launch platforms and the removal of most efflux management concerns allows for lighter and more compact launching options, reduced launcher maintenance costs, reduced launch signature, and on land the possibility of firing the missile from wooded or urban areas.[28][9][24][7][29]

CAMM can be used by both naval and ground-based air defence systems allowing for shared munition stockpiles between military branches.[9][8]

Ground-based air defence

An iLauncher within the Sky Sabre air defence system of the British Army. The elevated dome contains the missile data link while the electro-optical system is beside it (although folded). The vehicle in the background mounts the towering SAAB Giraffe radar.

For land use, MBDA markets the 'Enhanced Modular Air Defence Solutions' (EMADS) package; this utilises MBDA's Intelligent launcher (iLauncher), a scalable, palletised transporter erector launcher for up to eight CAMM or CAMM-ER missiles and is mounted to an 8x8 vehicle of choice. iLauncher provides the two-way data link for the missiles in-flight and can integrate an optional electro-optical targeting system, additionally, it is capable of self-loading/unloading missile pods via an integrated crane and is fitted with its own power supply allowing it to be dismounted from the parent vehicle and operated remotely if necessary. As part of EMADS, CAMM and iLauncher are designed to be integrated with a customers choice of command and radar systems, as well as wider battlespace management systems.[30][31][9][8]

For naval use, CAMM's soft vertical launch capability and its resulting removal of most efflux management concerns aboard ships, enables the use of variety of shipborne launching options: The low cost, low weight, option is to use CAMM's own vertical launch canisters colloquially known as 'mushroom farms' due to their capped appearance on older platforms such as the Type 23 frigates which use a lengthened and modified version of their existing Sea Wolf launch cells.[24][26] The cap covering the cells must be removed prior to firing.[32][33] This modified launch system is also present on the Royal New Zealand Navy's Anzac-class frigates in a 20-cell configuration and was seen on the earliest depictions of Royal Navy's upcoming Type 31 frigate configured for 24-cells.[24][34][35] A more modular appearance of this launcher has since been depicted on the Type 31 frigates (prior to the announcement of the fitting of their Mark 41 vertical launch system) and the Pakistan Navy's Babur-class corvettes with two six-cell launch modules (12 cells).[5][36] The Royal Navy's Type 26 frigate appear to use further variation of this 6-cell launch module arrangement (8 modules / 48-cells) but with the cells recessed into the deck and without the distinctive cap.[24][37] Alternately, CAMM's integration with Lockheed Martin's Extensible Launching System (ExLS) host munitions adapter enables CAMM and CAMM-ER to be quad-packed and CAMM-MR to be dual-packed into the larger, multi-role Mark 41 or Mark 57 vertical launching systems to provide a heavier and more expensive, but much more space efficient launching option for greater missile capacity.[38][39][40][7][9][41] Quad-packing and potentially dual-packing can also occur on the similar French Sylver vertical launching system.[29][7][9] The ExLS product line also has a standalone three-cell launch module (although CAMM marketing material from 2015 had shown animations of the ExLS module in other configurations such as a 4-cell launch module)[42] that can provide tactical-length launch capabilities comparable to the Mark 41 (quad/dual-packing) but in a lighter and smaller package for a middle-ground launcher option for CAMM and CAMM-ER.[39][41]

CAMM can be integrated on vessels as small as 50 metres (160 ft) such as in/offshore patrol vessels or on larger surface combatants (Destroyers / Frigates), only requiring the internal installation of the necessary computing systems as well as above-deck aerials for the two-way data link for the missiles and is designed to be easily integrated with a ship's combat management system.[24][7][29] CAMM can be guided by the fire-control channel on most modern 3D radar systems which, combined with CAMM's active-radar seeker, means there is no requirement for a ship to mount dedicated fire-control or radar illuminator systems, further helping to reduce cost, weight, and maintenance requirements.[24][7][29][43]

Variants

CAMM

Also known as "Sea Ceptor" / "Land Ceptor"

The point defence and local-area defence variant. CAMM weighs 99 kg (218 lb), is 3.2 m (10 ft 6 in) in length, and is 166 mm (6.5 in) in diameter and reaches generous supersonic speeds of Mach 3 (1,020 meters per second). CAMM has a minimum operational range of less than 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) and a maximum range greater than 25 km (16 mi), although IHS Jane's reported that trials have a shown a capability of up to 60 kilometres (37 mi).[44] These ranges are significantly greater than the 1–10 kilometres (0.62–6.21 mi) range of Sea Wolf and other systems (Rapier) that CAMM will replace. Can be quad-packed.

CAMM-ER (Extended-Range)

Also known as "Albatross-NG / Grifo"

An extended-range point and local-area defence missile under development with MBDA and Avio for the Italian Ministry of Defence since 2013. CAMM-ER weighs 160 kg (350 lb), is 4.2 metres (14 feet) in length, and is 190 mm (7.5 in) diameter.[45] Alongside the addition of stakes and fins to the body as well as a slightly redesigned seeker radome, CAMM-ER utilises a new Avio rocket motor, enabling a range in excess of 40–45 kilometres (25–28 mi), although these ranges are reported as conservative.[46] Can be quad-packed.

MV-AMA (AVibras Medium-Altitude Missile)

A Brazilian variant of CAMM under development since 2014 to meet the needs of the Brazilian Army's 'Strategic Anti-Aircraft Defence Program'.[14][13][12] The missile is expected to have a range of 40 kilometres (25 mi), up to an altitude of 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) and be compatible with the Astros 2020 multiple rocket launcher and naval platforms.[14] The program is expected to have 70% sovereign Brazilian industrial contribution.[11]

CAMM-MR (Medium-Range)

Also known as the "Joint / Future Common Missile"

An area defence variant with a range in excess of 100 kilometres (62 mi) being developed in partnership between MBDA UK and PGZ as of 2023.[16] The missile is being primarily developed for Polish requirements as a low-cost, locally produced, long range missile to compliment the PAC-3 MSE within the Wisła system, as well as to have a single medium-range missile that can be used by both ground based air defence assets and the Polish Navy's Miecznik-class frigates.[47] Whilst there is little information on the missile's overall characteristics, official images of the munition shows two missiles loaded into a single Mark 41 cell making the CAMM-MR the first munition capable of being dual-packed into the Mark 41 Vertical Launching System, enabling 16 missiles to be carried by a single Mark 41 eight-cell launch module.[47]

Land Precision Strike

Technologies derived from both CAMM and Brimstone are also being used in the development of the British Army's Land Precision Strike Missile, a 80–150 kilometres (50–93 mi) ranged surface-to-surface missile designed to complement the GMLRS-ER for use against high-value and fleeting (moving) targets.[48][49][50] Marketing material shows that missile is also expected to be compatible with iLauncher among other potential launch platforms.[48][49]

Operational history

United Kingdom

Royal Navy

Sea Ceptor 32 cell "Mushroom Farm" on the British Type 23 frigate HMS Lancaster

In January 2012, MBDA and the Ministry of Defence (MoD) announced a contract worth £483 million to fully develop the maritime application of CAMM known as Sea Ceptor for the Royal Navy.[51] In September 2017, the first Sea Ceptor missile was successfully fired at sea from the Type 23 frigate, HMS Argyll.[52]

Sea Ceptor entered operational service in May 2018, with HMS Argyll being the first Type 23 frigate to deploy with the system.[53][54] The Type 23 has de-risked the integration of Sea Ceptor by retaining a modified version of its existing 32-cell vertical launch system for Sea Wolf which is lengthened to accommodate the longer CAMM; this was opposed to an alternate MBDA proposal of introducing a new 12-cell complex for 48 quad-packed missiles.[24][42]

The Anti-Air-Warfare Officer of the Type 23 Frigate HMS Westminster said after test firings “Westminster managed to explore the real potential of the system during her training and to say it is a real game changer is an understatement. Unlike its predecessor [Sea Wolf], the system is capable of defending ships other than Westminster herself. Whether it’s engaging multiple air threats or fast incoming attack craft, Sea Ceptor represents a massive capability upgrade for the Type 23 frigate.”[26]

The Royal Navy's future Type 26 and Type 31 frigates (replacing the Type 23s) will be fitted with Sea Ceptor when they enter service in the late 2020s.[4][5] The Type 26 will have 2x24-cell launch complexes forward and amidships (four 6-cell modules each) for a total 48x Sea Ceptors whilst the Type 31 will likely have at least 32x missiles quad-packed into one its four Mark 41 8-cell launch modules.[4][5]

In July 2021, MBDA announced that they had been contracted to integrate Sea Ceptor onto the Type 45 destroyers as part of a wider upgrade program which will be delivered for all six ships between 2026 and 2032.[6][27] 24x Sea Ceptors (four 6-cell modules) will be mounted forward of the existing 48-cell Sylver complex in the space formally allocated for a 16-cell Mark 41 complex and will fulfil the short-range air defence role currently performed by Aster 15 allowing for a total of 48x long-ranged Aster 30s to be carried in their place and bring a 50% increase in the ship's overall missile capacity.[27]

British Army

A Sky Sabre air defence missile system of the Royal Artillery. (from left to right: Giraffe radar, command vehicle, iLauncher)

In July 2021 it was reported that the British Army's Sky Sabre air defence system had started acceptance trials and training with the Royal Artillery. Sky Sabre systems consist of Land Ceptor missiles (CAMM) fired from MBDA's iLaunchers,[7] guided by SAAB Giraffe AMB radars (360° / 120 kilometres (75 mi) range) and controlled by the Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Modular Integrated C4I Air & Missile Defence System (MIC4AD),[55] all of which are mounted on MAN trucks.[56] Land Ceptor provides Sky Sabre and the British Army with over three times the range of the preceding Rapier system, with the radar capable of scanning an area of >120 kilometres (75 mi) whilst simultaneously being able to guide at least 24 missiles to 24 separate targets.[57][30][58] A Sky Sabre battery consists of two fire groups; each group has one radar and two or three launchers.[59]

It was initially planned that the first official deployment of the system to the Falkland Islands would occur "late summer/early autumn".[60][61] Land Ceptor was delivered to the British Army in December 2021, before being declared operational in January 2022.[62][63] During the same month, Sky Sabres first deployment was announced to the Falklands with a fire group replacing the existing Rapier missile deployment.[64]

In March 2022, the UK announced it would be deploying a Sky Sabre fire group to Poland to bolster NATO's Eastern flank following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[65][59][66]

In 2023, reports emerged suggesting that investment had begun towards acquiring additional launchers, a new medium range radar, as well as the potential procurement of CAMM-ER for Sky Sabre.[59]

Poland

The Polish Armed Forces had begun modernisation efforts for its air-defence capability in the 2010s with the development of its domestic Pilica system for short-range air defence, and the procurement of Patriot (known as Wisła in Polish service) with PAC-3 MSE missiles for medium-range capabilities from 2017.[15][67] The gap between these two systems would be filled by the new Narew system which would make up the bulk of Polish air defence assets.[15]

The CAMM family was selected to equip Narew in November 2021 with the intention being to equip the system with CAMM-ER.[68][15] An urgent operational requirement and interim solution known as Mała Narew (small/little Narew) was created in 2022 and would be equipped with the already in-production CAMM variant whilst also marking the beginning of both a technology transfer from MBDA to PGZ and the development of a CAMM training program.[69][70][15] Mała Narew saw iLaunchers equipped with CAMM mounted onto Polish Jelcz vehicles, guided by SOŁA radar stations and integrated with a Polish command system.[70] On 4 October 2022, the first fully operational unit of Mała Narew was handed over to the soldiers of the 18th Anti-Aircraft Regiment in Zamość.[71][72] Mała Narew saw the first live-firing of CAMM in June 2023.[73]

In April 2023, Poland signed a £1.9 billion contract with MBDA to manufacture of a total of 22 Pilica+ air defence batteries, which at the time was the largest European short-range air defence acquisition programme in NATO. Pilica+ would see the existing SHORAD missile and gunnery components combined with a similar arrangement as Mała Narew with CAMM to expand Pilica into a triple-layer system.[74] MBDA's press release also confirmed that the CAMM family would equip the Polish Navy's Miezknic-class frigates, although there was no mention as to which variant(s) (CAMM / CAMM-ER) would be integrated.[74]

In July 2023, the UK and Poland with MBDA and PGZ signed agreements that formally began the joint development of the CAMM-MR which would be known as the "Joint/Future Common Missile" with the intention that it would be used by both British and Polish platforms such as on the Miezknic-class frigates and possibly Wisła batteries.[47][16]

In November 2023, a more than £4 billion ($4.9 billion) contract was signed between MBDA and PGZ for the procurement of over 1,000 CAMM-ER missiles and over 100 iLaunchers to equip the forthcoming Narew batteries, in addition to further technology transfers agreements enabling licensed production of both the missiles and launchers within Poland.[75][76][77] It also confirmed that Narew would be integrated with the US's Integrated Battle Command System (IBCS) as was already the case with Wisła.[76][15][77] This is the biggest export contract for MBDA as well as between Poland and the UK.[78]

Italy

Operators

Nations which use the CAMM.
CAMM operators in blue, and future operators in dark grey.

Current operators

 Chile
 New Zealand
 Pakistan
 United Kingdom

Ground-based air defence

 Poland
  • Polish Armed Forces - The CAMM family was selected as part of Poland's Narew ground-based air defence system in November 2021.[68] In April 2022, Poland purchased CAMM as an interim solution known as Mała Narew (small/little Narew).[91][69][70] In April 2023, it was announced that CAMM would be integrated into the existing Pilica short-range system to create the triple-layer Pilica+.[74] In November 2023, over a thousand CAMM-ER and over a hundred launchers were ordered for Narew.[75][77]
 United Kingdom
  • British Army - The Sky Sabre air defence system began entering service with the Royal Artillery in January 2022, with Land Ceptor replacing Rapier.[63][92][61]

Future operators

 Brazil
 Canada
 Italy
  • Italian Navy - Albatross-NG (CAMM-ER) selected to replace Aster 15 missiles.
 Poland
 Saudi Arabia

 Sweden

  • Swedish Navy - On 16 November 2023, the Swedish Defence Material Administration (FMV) signed a contract with MBDA to supply Sea Ceptor for the five Visby-class corvettes, with installation beginning in 2025 with the first upgraded vessel expected in 2026.[99][100] Neither party disclosed contract value or the anticipated configuration of the system, however, the artist impression accompanying MBDA's press release appears to show intentions to fit a 9-cell ExLS complex forward of the flight deck for 36 missiles.[100][101][102][103]

Ground-based air defence

 Brazil
  • Brazilian Marine Corps - AV-MMA is a Brazilian localised version of the CAMM originally envisaged to equip all three service branches via a common cannister container, will equip the anti-aircraft version of the Astros II MLRS.[104]
 Italy

Failed bids

Ground-based air defence

 Finland

 Finland

 Spain

See also

References

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