JNR Class D51
Soviet Railways D51
Taiwan Railways DT650
Manila Railroad 300 class (1951)
KNR Mika7 (미카7)
JR East's D51 498 on the Jōetsu Line in December 2008
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
DesignerHideo Shima
BuilderKawasaki Heavy Industries Rolling Stock Company
Kisha Seizo
Hitachi
Nippon Sharyo
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Build date1936-1951
Total produced1115 (Japan)
37 (Taiwan)
10 (Philippines)
2 (Korea) 30 (Soviet Union)
Specifications
Gauge1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) (KNR Mika7)
Length19,730 mm (64 ft 8+3⁄4 in)
Loco weight76.8 t (75.6 long tons; 84.7 short tons)[1]
Total weight123.0 t (121.1 long tons; 135.6 short tons)
Performance figures
Maximum speed85 km/h (55 mph)
Tractive effort184.3 kN (41,400 lbf)
Career
NumbersJNR : D51 1-D954,D51 1001-1161 (Japan) TRA : DT651-687 (Taiwan) Soviet Railways : D51-1-D51-30 (Soviet Union) KNR : 1701-1702 (Korea) Manila Railroad : 300-309 (Philippines)
Retired1956 (Philippines)
1965 (Korea)
1975 (Japan)
1979 (Soviet Union)
1983 (Taiwan)
Disposition174 preserved, five operational, 6 converted into JNR Class D61 (Japan)
Nine preserved, two dumped (Russia)
Four preserved (Taiwan)

The Class D51 (D51形) is a type of 2-8-2 steam locomotive built by the Japanese Government Railways (JGR), the Japanese National Railways (JNR), and Kawasaki Heavy Industries Rolling Stock Company, Kisha Seizo, Hitachi, Nippon Sharyo, Mitsubishi, and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries from 1936 to 1945 and 1950 to 1951. 174 were preserved in Japan but 5 out of the 174 are operational leaving only 169 on display .

Design and operation

The design of class D51 was based on the earlier D50, introduced in 1923. Wartime production featured some substitution of wood for steel parts like running boards, smoke deflectors and tender coal bunkers. A total of 1,115 D51s were built,[2] the largest number in any single class of locomotive in Japan. Early D51s were nicknamed Namekuji-gata ("slug-form") for their shape. The locomotive was designed by Hideo Shima. It was used mainly in freight service through the 1960s. Some D51s were fitted with the Giesl ejector in Hokkaido to conserve on fuel.[3]

Service outside Japan

Soviet Railways D51

The 30 specially built D51s that were left on Sakhalin (formerly Karafuto) by the retreating Japanese at the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) and after the Soviet-Japanese War (1945), were used from 1945 until 1979 by Soviet Railways. One was left outside Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk railway station, and one is in running condition and is kept at the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk railway station. Additionally two wrecks were left to the north of the city.[4]

Korean National Railways Mika7

Two locomotives were built for the Korean National Railroad in 1950 by Mitsubishi for South Korea during the Korean War. Designated Mika7 (미카7) class, they were nearly identical to JNR class D51 except for the gauge.[5]

Manila Railroad 300 class (1951)

According to the a journal published in 1956, ten locomotives were built by Nippon Sharyo for the Manila Railroad Company. These entered service in 1951. Numbered the 300 class, they were named after the cog locomotive class built in the 1910s for the Manila Railway. These locomotives differed from the rest of the D51 builds through the lack of smoke deflectors.[6]

The locomotives had a short service life in the Philippines as Manila Railroad ordered the dieselization of its entire network, having all steam locomotives retired by 1956.[7]

Taiwan Railways Administration DT650

DT668 on a trial run in Taiwan in November 2011

From 1936 to 1944, Kawasaki, Kisha Seizō and Hitachi had built 32 D51s for Imperial Taiwan Railway. After World War II, they were taken over by Taiwan Railways Administration, and were classified DT650. In 1951, Kisha Seizō built three DT650s and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries built two DT650s for Taiwan Railways Administration.[8]

Classification

The classification consists of a "D" for the four sets of driving wheels and the class number 51 for tender locomotives that the numbers 50 through 99 were assigned to under the 1928 locomotive classification rule.

Preserved examples

Over 173 Class D51 locomotives are preserved in Japan. D51 498 was restored by JR East and pulls special-event trains on JR East lines.[9]

The following is a list of preserved locomotives as of July 2023.[10]

Operational

D51 200 at the Umekoji Steam Locomotive Museum in December 2011
  • D51 146: Operated on the Mooka Railway, runs on compressed air. (Semi-operational)
  • D51 200: Preserved in operational condition by JR West at the Kyoto Railway Museum, and is operating on Yamaguchi Line since November 2017.
  • D51 320: Operated at a railway museum in Abira, Hokkaido on compressed air. (Semi-operational)
  • D51 498: Operated by JR East, based at Takasaki Rolling Stock Center[9][11]
  • D51 827: Operated at Aridagawa Railway Park in Wakayama Prefecture, runs on compressed air.

Built in 1938 at the JNR Hamamatsu Works, locomotive number D51 200 has been overhauled and restored to operational condition for use as SL Yamaguchi and SL Kitabiwako starting in 2017.[12]

Static preservation

1* D51 1: Preserved at Kyoto Railway Museum 2* D51 2: Previously preserved at the Modern Transportation Museum in Osaka, and moved to the Tsuyama Roundhouse next to Tsuyama Station in Okayama Prefecture in March 2015[13] 3* D51 6: Preserved in a park in Asahikawa, Hokkaido 4* D51 8: Preserved in a park in Amagasaki, Hyogo 5* D51 10: Preserved at a community centre in Yukuhashi, Fukuoka 6* D51 11: Preserved in a park in Sapporo, Hokkaido 7* D51 14: Preserved in a park in Nagareyama, Chiba 8* D51 18: Preserved in Tokiwa park, Ube, Yamaguchi 9* D51 25: Preserved in a park in Sanda, Hyogo 10* D51 47: Preserved in a park in Iwamizawa, Hokkaido 11* D51 59: Preserved in a park in Tatsuno, Nagano 12* D51 66: Preserved at Kawanishi Elementary School in Seika, Kyoto 13* D51 68: Preserved at Koiwai Farm in Shizukuishi, Iwate 14* D51 70: Preserved at Sakura Transport Park in Tsukuba, Ibaraki 15* D51 75: Preserved in a park in Joetsu, Niigata 16* D51 86: Preserved at "Flower Park" in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 17* D51 89: Preserved in a park in Toyohashi, Aichi 18* D51 95: Preserved at Shintoku Ski Slope in Shintoku, Hokkaido 19* D51 96: Preserved at Usui Pass Railway Heritage Park in Annaka, Gunma 20* D51 101: Preserved in Chuo Park in Shimada, Shizuoka 21* D51 103: Preserved in a park in Iwakuni, Yamaguchi 22* D51 113: Preserved in Chuo Park in Misawa, Aomori 23* D51 118: Preserved in Kotesashi Park in Tokorozawa, Saitama 24* D51 125: Preserved next to the Funabashi Historical Museum in Funabashi, Chiba 25* D51 140: Preserved in Arakawa Park in Kumagaya, Saitama 26* D51 155: Preserved outside Shiojiri City Office in Shiojiri, Nagano 27* D51 158: Preserved outside a community centre in Ibaraki, Osaka 28* D51 159: Preserved in a park in Iwanai, Hokkaido 29* D51 165: Preserved in a park in Nanto, Toyama 30* D51 170: Preserved in front of Yatake Station in Hitoyoshi, Kumamoto 31* D51 172: Preserved in a park in Matsumoto, Nagano 32* D51 176: Preserved in a park in Hita, Oita 33* D51 187: Preserved in front of JR East's Omiya Workshops, Saitama, Saitama 34* D51 194: Preserved in front of Tsuwano Station in Tsuwano, Shimane 35* D51 195: Preserved in a park in Yonago, Tottori 36* D51 201: Preserved outside Gamagori Museum in Gamagori, Aichi 37* D51 206: Preserved in a park next to Saga City Office in Saga, Saga (numberplates have been changed)[10] 38* D51 209: Preserved in a park in Ina, Nagano 39* D51 211: Preserved at Oji Zoo in Kobe, Hyogo 40* D51 222: Preserved in Yogi Park, Naha, Okinawa 41* D51 231: Preserved outside the National Museum of Nature and Science in Taito, Tokyo 42* D51 232: Preserved at Omoriyama Zoo in Akita, Akita 43* D51 237: Preserved at Naebo Works in Sapporo, Hokkaido 44* D51 238: Preserved at a community centre in Kiso, Nagano 45* D51 243: Preserved in Izu, Shizuoka 46* D51 244: Preserved at a children's museum in Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 47* D51 245: Preserved at a community centre in Sakaki, Nagano 48* D51 254: Preserved in Suginami Jidō Kōtsū Park in Suginami, Tokyo 49* D51 260: Preserved in a park in Namerikawa, Toyama 50* D51 264: Preserved in a park in Koriyama, Fukushima 51* D51 266: Preserved in a park in Nakatsugawa, Gifu 52* D51 270: Preserved in Yokote Park in Yokote, Akita 53* D51 272: Preserved in Setagaya Park in Setagaya, Tokyo 54* D51 286: Preserved in Otaru, Hokkaido 55* D51 296: Preserved in Fuchū Transport Park in Fuchū, Tokyo 56* D51 297: Preserved in Takikawa, Hokkaido 57* D51 300: Preserved in a park in Sanyo-Onoda, Yamaguchi 58* D51 303: Preserved in a park in Tottori, Tottori 59* D51 311: Preserved in SL Park in Kitami, Hokkaido 60* D51 312: Preserved in Sakurayama Park in Fukagawa, Hokkaido 61* D51 333: Preserved in Shiraoi, Hokkaido 62* D51 337: Preserved in Wassamu, Hokkaido 63* D51 345: Preserved in Taishiyama Park in Taishi, Hyogo 64* D51 349: Preserved in Okaya, Nagano 65* D51 351: Preserved in SL Park in Nagiso, Nagano 66* D51 370: Preserved in a park in Akita, Akita 67* D51 385: Preserved in a park in Kamagaya, Chiba 68* D51 395: Preserved at Tokuyama Zoo in Shunan, Yamaguchi 69* D51 397: Preserved in a park in Shibetsu, Hokkaido 70* D51 398: Preserved in Nayoro Park in Nayoro, Hokkaido 71* D51 401: Preserved at Suzaka Zoo in Suzaka, Nagano 72* D51 402: Preserved at a community centre in Iida, Nagano 73* D51 403: Preserved in a park in Ritto, Shiga 74* D51 405: Preserved in a park in Matsudo, Chiba 75* D51 408: Preserved at a museum in Kawasaki, Kanagawa 76* D51 409: Preserved at Yamazaki Mazak Corporation Minokamo Factory in Minokamo, Gifu 77* D51 422: Preserved in a park in Onomichi, Hiroshima 78* D51 426: (Front end only) Preserved at JR East Railway Museum, Saitama, Saitama (Cab section is used as a driving simulator) 79* D51 428: Preserved in Higashi-Chofu Park in Ota, Tokyo 80* D51 444: Preserved at the SL Hiroba in Kitami, Hokkaido 81* D51 451: Preserved in Showa Park in Akishima, Tokyo 82* D51 452: Preserved at Ome Railway Park in Ōme, Tokyo 83* D51 453: Preserved in Nishiguchi No. 1 Park in Kashiwa, Chiba 84* D51 469: Preserved in a park in Takaishi, Osaka 85* D51 470: Preserved in Bairin Park in Gifu, Gifu 86* D51 481: Preserved in Minamiechizen, Fukui 87* D51 483: Preserved in Azumino, Nagano 88* D51 485: Preserved in a park in Nobeoka, Miyazaki 89* D51 486: Preserved at JR East's Nagano Depot in Nagano, Nagano 90* D51 488: Preserved at the Wako Museum in Yasugi, Shimane 91* D51 499: Preserved in a park in Tsu, Mie 92* D51 502: Preserved in Kamichiba Sunahara Park in Katsushika, Tokyo 93* D51 512: Preserved in a park in Shibata, Niigata 94* D51 513: Preserved in a park in Itabashi, Tokyo 95* D51 515: Preserved in a park in Mito, Ibaraki 96* D51 516: Preserved in Honmoku Shimin Park in Yokohama, Kanagawa 97* D51 522: Preserved in a park in Kanazawa, Ishikawa 98* D51 541: Preserved in a park in Hyuga, Miyazaki 99* D51 542: Preserved inside JR Kyushu's Okura Works in Kitakyushu, Fukuoka (sectioned)[10] 100* D51 549: Preserved outside an elementary school in Nagano, Nagano 101* D51 560: Preserved in Muroran, Hokkaido 102* D51 561: Preserved in Kawaba, Gunma (operated at a ski resort hotel using compressed air until 2016)[10] 103* D51 565: Preserved in a park in Saroma, Hokkaido 104* D51 566: Preserved in Akabira, Hokkaido (not on public display)[10] 105* D51 592: Preserved in Kudamatsu, Yamaguchi 106* D51 603: Preserved in the "19th Century Hall" at Torokko Saga Station in Kyoto (Front section only)[10] 107* D51 607: Preserved in a park in Fukui, Fukui 108* D51 609: Preserved in a park in Narita, Chiba 109* D51 663: Preserved at a culture centre in Towada, Aomori 110* D51 688: Preserved in Minami Park in Okazaki, Aichi 111* D51 691: Preserved in a park in Tenri, Nara 112* D51 714: Preserved in a park in Kagoshima, Kagoshima 113* D51 718: Preserved in a park in Ichinomiya, Aichi 114* D51 720: Preserved in a park in Hiroshima, Hiroshima 115* D51 724: Preserved in Ekimae Park in Shibukawa, Gunma 116* D51 735: Preserved in Murakami, Niigata 117* D51 737: Preserved in Nagi Park in Yuasa, Wakayama 118* D51 745: Preserved in front of Minakami Station in Minakami, Gunma 119* D51 762: Preserved in a park in Hachinohe, Aomori 120* D51 764: Preserved in Suita, Osaka 121* D51 768: Preserved in Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 122* D51 769: Preserved outside a museum in Omi, Nagano 123* D51 774: Preserved outside the former Taisha Station in Izumo, Shimane 124* D51 775: Preserved in front of Kiso-Fukushima Station in Kiso, Nagano 125* D51 777: Preserved in a park in Kariya, Aichi 126* D51 787: Preserved in Miyota, Nagano 127* D51 792: Preserved in a park in Kasugai, Aichi 128* D51 793: Preserved at Nagahama Railway Square in Nagahama, Shiga 129* D51 813: Preserved outside a community centre in Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 130* D51 822: Preserved in front of Mattō Station in Hakusan, Ishikawa 131* D51 823: Preserved in a park in Inazawa, Aichi 132* D51 824: Preserved in Suwa, Nagano 133* D51 828: Preserved in Heiwa Kannon Temple in Awaji, Hyogo (closed and not open to the public)[10] 134* D51 831: Preserved in a park in Iga, Mie 135* D51 837: Preserved in a park in Komagane, Nagano 136* D51 838: Preserved in a car park in Niimi, Okayama 137* D51 842: Preserved in a park in Kurashiki, Okayama 138* D51 849: Preserved in a park in Toyota, Aichi 139* D51 853: Preserved in Asukayama Park in Kita, Tokyo 140* D51 859: Preserved in a park in Engaru, Hokkaido 141* D51 860: Preserved in a park in Fukuyama, Hiroshima 142* D51 862: Preserved in Machida, Tokyo 143* D51 882: Preserved in Ibaraki, Osaka 144* D51 885: Preserved in Fukaya, Saitama 145* D51 889: Preserved in a park in Soja, Okayama 147* D51 892: Preserved in a park in Hirosaki, Aomori 148* D51 895: Preserved in a park in Oji, Nara 149* D51 916: Preserved in a park in Maebashi, Gunma 150* D51 917: Preserved in a park in Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama 151* D51 921: Preserved outside Shinonoi Community Centre in Nagano, Nagano 152* D51 923: Preserved in Kurume, Fukuoka 153* D51 930: Preserved in a park in Iwade, Wakayama 154* D51 943: Preserved in a park in Fuji, Shizuoka 155* D51 946: Preserved at the Coal and Fossils Museum in Iwaki, Fukushima 156* D51 947: Preserved in Hakone, Kanagawa 157* D51 953: Preserved outside Chuo Community Centre in Toyoura, Hokkaido 158* D51 954: Preserved outside a community centre in Furano, Hokkaido 159* D51 1001: Preserved in front of the Koshoku Gymnasium in Chikuma, Nagano 160* D51 1032: Preserved in a park in Yufu, Ōita 161* D51 1052: Preserved in Kirin Beer Park Chitose in Chitose, Hokkaido 162* D51 1072: Preserved in front of Kobe Station in Kobe, Hyogo 163* D51 1085: Preserved in Aridagawa Railway Park in Aridagawa, Wakayama 164* D51 1101: Preserved at Mikasa Park in Yokosuka, Kanagawa 165* D51 1108: Preserved at Sendai Shinkansen Depot in Rifu, Miyagi 166* D51 1116: Privately preserved in Shiroi, Chiba 167* D51 1119: Preserved in a park in Atsugi, Kanagawa 168* D51 1142: Preserved in a park in Sasebo, Nagasaki 169* D51 1149: Preserved in Taga SL Park in Taga, Shiga

Russian Class D51

Plinthed Russian D51-22 outside Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Railway Station Sakhalin Island, Russia
  • D51-1: Niigata Prefecture
  • D51-2: Hokkaido
  • D51-4: Sakhalin (working order, after re-gauging of the Sakhalin Railways to the Russian gauge stay in railway museum in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk station[14])
  • D51-22: Sakhalin (Plinthed outside Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk railway station)
  • D51-23: Hokkaido
  • D51-25: Hokkaido
  • D51-26: Hokkaido
  • D51-27: Hokkaido
  • D51-28: Sakhalin (dumped at Tomari)
  • D51-29,D51-30 (presumably): Sakhalin (2 D51s dumped north of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk at Dalny)

Taiwan Railways Administration DT650

DT675(Former DT670)
  • DT652: Preserved at Tainan Sports Park.
  • DT664: Preserved at East Stone Township, Chiayi County. (The current number is DT651)
  • DT668: Preserved in operational condition at Changhua Locomotive Depot.
  • DT670: Preserved at Art and Literature Center, Banqiao District, New Taipei City. (The current number is DT675)


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References

  1. ↑ Inoue, Kōichi (1999). 国鉄機関車辞典 [JNR Locomotive Encyclopedia]. Japan: Sankaido. p. 59. ISBN 4-381-10338-6.
  2. ↑ Hirota, Naotaka (January 1972). Steam Locomotives of Japan. Kodansha America, Inc. p. 74 & 78. ISBN 978-0870111853.
  3. ↑ Japan Railway Journal, Kyoto Railway Museum: The Story of Rail Transport in Japan. Japan Railway Journal. Japan: NHK World-Japan. 2016. Event occurs at 10:14.
  4. ↑ Steam and the Railways of Sakhalin Island - at International Steam Locomotives
  5. ↑ "Korean National RR Mika-7 2-8-2". Don's Rail Photos. Archived from the original on November 19, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  6. ↑ Locomotive Engineers Journal. Vol. 90. Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen. 1956.
  7. ↑ "The Passing of the Steam Engine". This Week. August 12, 1956. Retrieved January 22, 2021.
  8. ↑ "DT650 class". Kurogane No Michi. Archived from the original on January 3, 2020.
  9. 1 2 JR全車輌ハンドブック2009 [JR Rolling Stock Handbook 2009]. Japan: Neko Publishing. 2009. ISBN 978-4-7770-0836-0.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sasada, Masahiro (September 2012). 国鉄&JR保存車大全 [JNR & JR Preserved Rolling Stock Complete Guide]. Tokyo, Japan: Ikaros Publications Ltd. pp. 133–135. ISBN 978-4863206175.
  11. ↑ JR East Takasaki Branch D51 498 website (in Japanese) (Translate to English: Google, Bing, Yandex)
  12. ↑ JR西日本、D51形200号機が本線運転復活へ [JR West to restore D51 20 to mainline operational condition]. Mynavi News (in Japanese). Japan: Mynavi Corporation. 18 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  13. ↑ 津山市 来月からD51の展示始まる [D51 to go on display at Tsuyama from next month]. RSK News (in Japanese). Japan: Sanyo Broadcasting Co., Ltd. 26 February 2015. Archived from the original on 26 February 2015. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
  14. ↑ Южно-Сахалинск - Томари. Вид из окна поезда, retrieved 2022-07-08

See also

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